Evidence mapPaperPMID 37648382Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2023

Metabolic control and incidence of hypoglycaemia, hospitalisation and complications among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes initiating second-line therapy: an analysis of the Saudi Arabia data from the DISCOVER Observational Study programme.

Khalid Al Rubeaan, Faisal Banah, Fayez G Alruwaily, Eman Sheshah, Dhekra Alnaqeb, Awad M AlQahtani, Diaa Ewais, Nassr Al Juhani, Abdul-Hameed Hassan, Amira M Youssef

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 41% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02226822 completednot on this map

J-DISCOVER: DISCOVERing Treatment Reality of Type 2 Diabetes in Real World Setting in Japan

TypeobservationalSponsorAstraZenecaRan2014 to 2019Enrolled1,869ConditionsType 2 Diabetes Mellitus
NCT02322762 completednot on this map

DISCOVERing Treatment Reality of Type 2 Diabetes in Real World Settings

TypeobservationalSponsorAstraZenecaRan2014 to 2019Enrolled15,992ConditionsType 2 Diabetes Mellitus
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Khalid Al RubeaanResearch and Scientific Center, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, 13571-6262, Saudi Arabia rubeaan@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3615-7192
Faisal BanahDepartment of Family Medicine, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Fayez G AlruwailyDepartment of Family Medicine, Prince Mutaib bin Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
Eman SheshahDepartment of Medicine, King Salman Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dhekra AlnaqebMedical affairs department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Awad M AlQahtaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Diaa EwaisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Saudi German Hospitals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Nassr Al JuhaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Al-Thager Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdul-Hameed HassanDepartment of Family Medicine, International Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Amira M YoussefMedical affairs department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
King Abdulaziz Medical City · SAAl Amal Hospital Jeddah · SAArmed Forces Hospital · SAAsir Central Hospital · SAGerman Doctors · DEJouf University · SAKing Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology · SAKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center · SAKing Fahad Hospital Jeddah · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of the global DISCOVERing Treatment Reality of Type 2 Diabetes in Real World Settings (DISCOVER) Study was to provide a comprehensive real world assessment of the treatment pattern changes for patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this analysis was to assess the metabolic control and the annual incidence of hypoglycaemia, hospitalisation and complications among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes initiating second-line therapy.

designThis study is part of the observational, longitudinal, prospective multinational DISCOVER Study.

settingGovernmental and private health sectors from different regions within Saudi Arabia.

participantsThe study recruited 519 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥18 years who were switching to second-line therapy. Patients who were already using insulin/injectable agents, patients with type 1 diabetes, pregnant women, and patients undergoing dialysis or with a history of renal transplantation were excluded. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Metabolic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; fear of hypoglycaemia; quality of life; and the incidence of complications, hypoglycaemic events and/or hospitalisations. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

resultsA total of 519 patients were recruited with a mean age of 52.4±11 years. Of these participants, 54.7% were male and 45.3% were female. The incidence of hypoglycaemia was 56.72/1000 patient-years. The Hypoglycemia Fear Survey II showed a significant increase in patient worry related to hypoglycaemia from 6.4±11.9 at baseline to (p=0.0446) at the 36-month follow-up. The incidence of hospitalisation was 30.81/1000 patient-years. There was a moderate improvement in glycaemic control, represented as an HbA1c reduction from 8.8% at baseline to 8.2% at the 36-month follow-up. The incidence of macroangiopathy was 24.51/1000 patient-years and the incidence of microvascular complications such as retinopathy and albuminuria was 47.00/1000 patient-years and 221.71/1000 patient-years, respectively. The mean score of fear of hypoglycaemia showed an increase with 13.0±21.5 at baseline to 16.1±22.2 at the 36-month follow-up. When assessing the patients' quality of life, there was an improvement in the mental component score from 47.4±9.1 at baseline to 53.0±6.7 at the 36-month follow-up.

conclusionsTreatment intensification decisions should be made individually, weighing the benefit of good glycaemic control against the risk of hypoglycaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02322762 and NCT02226822.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HypoglycemiaAdolescentAdultFemaleHospitalizationHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPregnancyProspective StudiesQuality of LifeRenal DialysisSaudi Arabiadiabetes & endocrinologyepidemiology

Identifiers

PMID37648382
PMCPMC10471852
OpenAlexW4386304980

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.