ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2024
Disinfectants and antiseptics: mechanisms of action and resistance.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global technological trends in sustainable antimicrobial surface formulations: a patent-based review for cleaner healthcare environments.Future science OA · 2026Review
- Laboratory and pilot-farm evaluation of cleaning and disinfection protocols for biofilms in livestock drinking water systems.Biofilm · 2026Article
- Temperature, Disinfectant Concentration and Bacterial Innate Properties Influence the Disinfection of Bacterial Pathogens Relevant to Catfish Aquaculture.Journal of fish diseases · 2026Article
- Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers loaded with quaternary ammonium compounds for localized eradication of periodontal biofilms.Materials advances · 2026Article
- Antibacterial surface engineering: bioinspiration from leaves to medical devices.RSC applied interfaces · 2026Review
- Electrolyzed Water as a Biocide in Premise Water Networks: A Narrative Review and a Conceptual Framework.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Non-uniform susceptibility profiles observed inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Longitudinal analysis of the hand microbiome in response to chlorine-based antiseptic use during a military field exercise.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Flow cytometry for rapid analysis of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal effects in Legionella pneumophila disinfection.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Probiotic Engraftment and Suppression of Canine Otitis Externa Pathogens by Probiotic Ear Drops.Veterinary dermatology · 2026Article
- Novel biosurfactant-stabilized nanoemulsions integrating interfacial stabilization and antibacterial activity for safe surface disinfection.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2026Article
- Impacts of pollution on the soil microbiome.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Nanobubbles Reveals Physical Disruption is the Primary Mode of Biofilm Inactivation.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Marked variations in the effectiveness of commercial disinfectants against clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2026Article
- Detergent Conjugation Decouples Chlorpromazine Solubility from Antibacterial Activity against Bacteria Relevant for Gut Microbiota.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- Cationic biocide susceptibility and tolerance-associated genes in clinical, environmental, and commensal Enterococcus isolates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Novel Fluorinated Chlorhexidine Analogues Overcome Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Biofilm- and Spore-Disruptive Star-Shaped Poly(l-lysine)/Hyaluronic Acid Microgels for Targeted Oral Therapy ofBiomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemical biocides are used for the prevention and control of infection in health care, targeted home hygiene or controlling microbial contamination for various industrial processes including but not limited to food, water and petroleum. However, their use has substantially increased since the implementation of programmes to control outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides difficile and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Biocides interact with multiple targets on the bacterial cells. The number of targets affected and the severity of damage will result in an irreversible bactericidal effect or a reversible bacteriostatic one. Most biocides primarily target the cytoplasmic membrane and enzymes, although the specific bactericidal mechanisms vary among different biocide chemistries. Inappropriate usage or low concentrations of a biocide may act as a stressor while not killing bacterial pathogens, potentially leading to antimicrobial resistance. Biocides can also promote the transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes. In this Review, we explore our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of biocides, the bacterial resistance mechanisms encompassing both intrinsic and acquired resistance and the influence of bacterial biofilms on resistance. We also consider the impact of bacteria that survive biocide exposure in environmental and clinical contexts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.