ArticleBMC public health2023
The theory of planned behavior and dietary behaviors in competitive women bodybuilders.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Psychological manipulation mechanisms of false fitness and supplement information and public health risks: from information manipulation to behavioral decision-making.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Effect of whole-process management based on planned behavior theory on postoperative recovery of acute appendicitis patients.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Article
- Nutrition Literacy and Dietary Behavior Among Malaysian Adults.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Determinants of primary care physicians' intention to provide breast cancer screening services for rural women: a structural equation model based on the theory of planned behavior.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Effects of nursing intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on visual function, blood sugar levels, and quality of life in perioperative patients with diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Dialogue and sports supplementation: reflections from the social sciences: a systematic review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- Factors Influencing the Participation of Shared Decision Making in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patient: Protocol of a Mixed Methods Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An intervention study of poly-victimization among rural left-behind children based on the theoretical framework of planned behavior.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Nutrition Practices of Lithuanian Elite International and National-level Male Bodybuilders in the Pre-competition Period.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2024Article
- Analysis of Actual Fitness Supplement Consumption among Health and Fitness Enthusiasts.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Predicting willingness to consume healthy brand foods using the theory of planned behavior: the role of nutritional literacy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary Intake and Supplement Use in Competitive Women Bodybuilders.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWomen bodybuilders build their ideal physique by manipulating their diet, supplement, and exercise regimens to extreme levels. Excess protein intake and dietary supplement use is ubiquitous in women bodybuilders preparing for a competition, i.e., in-season competitors, however the impetus for these two dietary behaviors are relatively unknown. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been used to explain dietary behaviors. The purpose of the study was to examine how the TPB can explain protein intake and dietary supplement use in in-season competitors.
methodsUsing a cross-sectional design, an online questionnaire was developed, validated, and administered to collect dietary supplement use, TPB variables, and other measures from 112 in-season competitors. Protein intake was assessed using multiple 24-h dietary recalls. Associations between TPB and protein intake and dietary supplement use were determined with multiple regression analysis while adjusting for confounders.
resultsFor protein intake: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explained 8% of the variance in intention; subjective norm independently predicted intention. Behavioral beliefs predicted attitude; subjective norm was predicted by trainer/coach, workout partners, and social media influencers. For dietary supplement use: intention explained 5% of the variance in dietary supplement use; attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control together explained 38% of the variance in intention. Attitudes towards dietary supplements use were predicted by five factors (not a waste of money, help improve physique, sustain energy levels, provide enough calories, help with recovery). Primary determinants of subjective norm were fellow competitors, social media influencers, and trainer/coach. Perceived behavioral control was predicted by three factors (ease of purchase, affordability to purchase, availability to purchase).
conclusionsTPB predicted dietary supplement use in women bodybuilders during in-season but there was little evidence for the prediction of protein intake using the TPB. Health professionals should develop effective interventions using strategies that align health education messages with in-season competitors' outcome beliefs and collaborate with their referent others to influence safer and effective dietary supplement use.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.