SynthesisNature genetics2023
GWAS of random glucose in 476,326 individuals provide insights into diabetes pathophysiology, complications and treatment stratification.
Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in Nature genetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
18.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shared genetic underpinnings of gray matter volume alterations and metabolic traits in major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-omics integration reveals shared genetic architecture between metabolic markers and gray matter atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- RISING STARS: Effects of a GLP-1 receptor polymorphism on responses to liraglutide.The Journal of endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Genetic and physiological insights into satiation variability predict responses to obesity treatment.Cell metabolism · 2025Trial
- Levels of circulating semaglutide determine reductions in HbA1c and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Trial
- Towards scalable biomarker discovery in posttraumatic stress disorder: triangulating genomic and phenotypic evidence from a health system biobank.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic and molecular signatures highlight diverse pathways linking obesity to type 2 diabetes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Sex-Stratified Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Traits in the Framingham Heart Study.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Trans-ethnic estimation and implications of genetic impact on continuous glycemic profiles.Cell discovery · 2026Article
- Higher diabetes genetic load in proliferative diabetic retinopathy in South India: The South Indian GeNetics of DiAbeTic Retinopathy (SIGNATR) study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- GWAS-by-subtraction reveals new genetic architecture and health implications of type 2 diabetes-independent gestational diabetes mellitus.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic variants affect diurnal glucose levels throughout the day.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Drug targets for lipid modification and risk of type 2 diabetes: a cis-Mendelian randomization study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Distinct metabolic signatures of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease revealed through genetic overlap.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Limosilactobacillus reuteri Strains Differentially Stimulate Immunity in Response to Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Newborn Mice.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- TBL1X/TBL1XR1 govern β-cell identity through a PAX6-containing gene regulatory network.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A simple approach for multiple observations improves power to detect genetic effects and genomic prediction accuracy.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Article
- In vivo functional profiling and structural characterization of the humanScience advances · 2026Article
- Unraveling the genetic interplay and therapeutic potentials between major depressive disorder and metabolic syndrome: multi-ancestry and multi-trait genome-wide association analyses.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
98 authors at 20 institutions in 20 countries.
Vasiliki Lagou *Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Longda Jiang *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Anna Ulrich *Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Liudmila ZudinaDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Karla Sofia Gutiérrez GonzálezDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1948-9047
Zhanna BalkhiyarovaDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Alessia FaggianDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-9722
Jared G MainaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Shiqian ChenSection of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Petar V TodorovNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sodbo SharapovLaboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Alessia DavidCentre for Bioinformatics and System Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-024X
Letizia MarulloDepartment of Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Reedik MägiEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2964-6011
Roxana-Maria RujanCentre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK.
Emma AhlqvistLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6513-2384
Gudmar ThorleifssondeCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-9087
Ηe GaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Εvangelos ΕvangelouDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-2999
Beben BenyaminAustralian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Robert A ScottMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-3016
Aaron IsaacsDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-4834
Jing Hua ZhaoDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Sara M WillemsDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Toby JohnsonClinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Christian GiegerResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-9554
Harald GrallertResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Christa MeisingerEpidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Martina Müller-NurasyidInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Rona J StrawbridgeCardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-3585
Anuj GoelWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-4021
Denis RybinDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Eva AlbrechtInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Anne U JacksonDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-2547
Heather M StringhamDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-6392
Ivan R CorrêaNew England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-6878
Eric Farber-EgerVanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-3796
Valgerdur SteinthorsdottirdeCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1846-6274
André G UitterlindenDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-3387
Patricia B MunroeClinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-2947
Morris J BrownClinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-1082
Julian SchmidbergerDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany.
Oddgeir HolmenDepartment of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Barbara ThorandInstitute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8416-6440
Kristian HveemK G Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epdiemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Tom WilsgaardDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-9472
Karen L MohlkeDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-153X
Zhe WangThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-4969
GWA-PA Consortium
Aleksey ShmeliovDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Marcel den HoedThe Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-428X
Ruth J F LoosNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Wolfgang KratzerDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany.
Mark HaenleDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany.
Wolfgang KoenigDeutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9603
Bernhard O BoehmLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore and Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.
Tricia M TanSection of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Alejandra TomasSection of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Victoria SalemDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.
Inês BarrosoExeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-4520
Jaakko TuomilehtoPublic Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-0745
Michael BoehnkeDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-7754
Jose C FlorezCenter for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Anders HamstenCardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Hugh WatkinsWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Inger NjølstadDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
H-Erich WichmannInstitute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Mark J CaulfieldClinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-3594
Kay-Tee KhawDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Cornelia M van DuijnDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-9204
Albert HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Nicholas J WarehamMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-2993
Claudia LangenbergMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-7344
John B WhitfieldQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Nicholas G MartinQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Grant MontgomeryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-8139
Chiara ScapoliDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Ioanna TzoulakiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4275-9328
Paul ElliottDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-5684
Unnur ThorsteinsdottirdeCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
Kari StefanssondeCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-864X
Evan L BrittainVanderbilt University Medical Center and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-3392
Mark I McCarthyWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-0510
Philippe FroguelDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-0784
Patrick M SextonDrug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Denise WoottenDrug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Leif GroopLund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-3263
Josée DupuisDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-3603
James B MeigsPrograms in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-2657
Giuseppe DeganuttiCentre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-2986
Ayse DemirkanDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Tune H PersNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0207-4831
Christopher A ReynoldsCentre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK.
Yurii S AulchenkoDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-1575
Marika A KaakinenDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK. m.kaakinen@imperial.ac.uk.
Ben JonesSection of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. ben.jones@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-2584
Inga ProkopenkoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. i.prokopenko@surrey.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-7457
Meta-Analysis of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium (MAGIC)
Erasmus MC · NLImperial College London · GBHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEQueen Mary University of London · GBUniversity of Surrey · GBCentre for Human Genetics · GBdeCODE Genetics (Iceland) · ISUniversität Ulm · DEUniversity of Cambridge · GBCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRUniversity of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of Michigan · USBoston University · USBroad Institute · USCoventry University · GBKarolinska University Hospital · SELomonosov Moscow State University · RULund University · SEMonash University · AUNorwegian University of Science and Technology · NO
Funding
Pilot and Feasibility ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2022 to 2025
$4.9MIdentifying Genes for Type 2 Diabetes:FUSIONR01DK062370 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2003 to 2025
$3.6MTargeted Genetic Analysis of T2D and Quantitative TraitsR01DK072193 · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · 2005 to 2005
$425kBritish Heart Foundation CH/1992001/6764British Heart Foundation SP/19/2/34462Medical Research Council MC_EX_MR/M009203/1Medical Research Council MC_PC_14089Medical Research Council MC_UU_00006/1Medical Research Council MR/L01341X/1Medical Research Council MR/M009203/1Medical Research Council MR/N003284/1Medical Research Council MR/R010676/1Medical Research Council MR/R023484/1Medical Research Council MR/S003061/1NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK062370NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK072193NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK105535Wellcome Trust
Abstract
Conventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on 'around the clock' glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals. Of these, 44 loci are new for glycemic traits. Regulatory, glycosylation and metagenomic annotations highlight ileum and colon tissues, indicating an underappreciated role of the gastrointestinal tract in controlling blood glucose. Functional follow-up and molecular dynamics simulations of lower frequency coding variants in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), a type 2 diabetes treatment target, reveal that optimal selection of GLP-1R agonist therapy will benefit from tailored genetic stratification. We also provide evidence from Mendelian randomization that lung function is modulated by blood glucose and that pulmonary dysfunction is a diabetes complication. Our investigation yields new insights into the biology of glucose regulation, diabetes complications and pathways for treatment stratification.
Indexed as
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucoseBlood GlucoseColonGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansBlood GlucoseGlucose
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.