ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Regulation of the Cortisol Axis, Glucagon, and Growth Hormone by Glucose Is Altered in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Dorzagliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, on α- and β-Cell Function in Individuals With Impaired and Normal Glucose Tolerance.Diabetes · 2025Trial
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- Sex differences in glucose-regulating neurohormonal pathways-potential impact for type 2 diabetes development.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Electrolyte-derived clinical indices in traumatic brain injury: A narrative review.World journal of methodology · 2026Review
- Glucose-dependent dynamics of glucagon, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone before and after gastric bypass.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Clinical and genotypic analysis of 79 children with methylmalonic acidemia: a retrospective single-center study in China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Effects of cafeteria diet and caloric restriction on pituitary hormones and metabolic phenotype in male Wistar rats.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Review
- β-Cells: So Sensitive.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Glycemic Management in Adults With Diabetes During Illness.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Differences in the insulin counterregulatory hormones between obese and nonobese male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The prognostic significance of stress hyperglycemia ratio in evaluating all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk among individuals across stages 0-3 of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: evidence from two cohort studies.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Impact of Ketogenic and Mediterranean Diets on Gut Microbiota Profile and Clinical Outcomes in Drug-Naïve Patients with Diabesity: A 12-Month Pilot Study.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Endocrine involvement in hepatic glycogen storage diseases: pathophysiology and implications for care.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Review
- Rise in fasting and dynamic glucagon levels in children and adolescents with obesity is moderate in subjects with impaired fasting glucose but accentuated in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextInsulin-antagonistic, counter-regulatory hormones have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
objectiveIn this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether glucose-dependent regulation of such hormones differ in individuals with T2D, prediabetes (PD), and normoglycemia (NG).
methodsFifty-four individuals with or without T2D underwent one hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic-hypoglycemic and one hyperglycemic clamp with repeated hormonal measurements. Participants with T2D (n = 19) were compared with a group-matched (age, sex, BMI) subset of participants without diabetes (ND, n = 17), and also with participants with PD (n = 18) and NG (n = 17).
resultsIn T2D vs ND, glucagon levels were higher and less suppressed during the hyperglycemic clamp whereas growth hormone (GH) levels were lower during hypoglycemia (P < .05). Augmented ACTH response to hypoglycemia was present in PD vs NG (P < .05), with no further elevation in T2D. In contrast, glucagon and GH alterations were more marked in T2D vs PD (P < .05).In the full cohort (n = 54), augmented responses of glucagon, cortisol, and ACTH and attenuated responses of GH correlated with adiposity, dysglycemia, and insulin resistance. In multilinear regressions, insulin resistance was the strongest predictor of elevated hypoglycemic responses of glucagon, cortisol, and ACTH. Conversely, fasting glucose and HbA1c were the strongest predictors of low GH levels during hypoglycemia and elevated, i.e. less suppressed glucagon levels during hyperglycemia, respectively. Notably, adiposity measures were also strongly associated with the responses above.
conclusionsAltered counter-regulatory hormonal responses to glucose variations are observed at different stages of T2D development and may contribute to its progression by promoting insulin resistance and dysglycemia.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.