ArticleJMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies2023
A Digital Box and Block Test for Hand Dexterity Measurement: Instrument Validation Study.
Article in JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06955078 (Effects of Visual Motor Integration on Visual Perception, Spatial Awareness and Motor Skills in Preschool Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Visual Motor Integration on Visual Perception, Spatial Awareness and Motor Skills in Preschool Children
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality With Mirror Therapy for Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Cross-Segmental Transfer Effects of Lower Limb Cross-Training Priming on Upper Extremity Functional Recovery in Pediatric Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Computer Vision for Movement Observation and Recovery Enhancement (C-MORE): Box and Blocks Test.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhancing hand function in patients with hematologic malignancies: a novel knitted glove approach.Journal of physical therapy science · 2026Article
- Article
- Is It Feasible to Apply a Virtual Box and Block Test in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy?: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Reliability of a gamified tablet-based tapping digital test for assessing motor coordination in adults.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Clinical Utility and Usability of the Digital Box and Block Test: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2024Article
- Therapeutic robots for post-stroke rehabilitation.Medical review (2021) · 2024Review
- Benefits of Robot-Assisted Upper-Limb Rehabilitation from the Subacute Stage after a Stroke of Varying Severity: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Box and Block Test (BBT) measures unilateral gross manual dexterity and is widely used in clinical settings with a wide range of populations, including older people and clients with neurological disorders.
objectiveIn this study, we present a newly developed digitized version of the BBT, called the digital BBT (dBBT). The physical design is similar to the original BBT, but the dBBT contains digital electronics that automate the test procedure, timing, and score measurement. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the dBBT.
methodsWe performed measurements at 2 time points for 29 healthy participants. BBT and dBBT were used at the first measurement time point, and dBBT was used again at the second measurement time point. Concurrent validity was assessed using the correlation between BBT and dBBT, the paired t test, and the Bland-Altman analysis. Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability were examined using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) by repeated measures with the dBBT within an interval of 10 days.
resultsOur results showed moderate concurrent validity (r=0.48, P=.008), moderate test-retest reliability (ICC 0.72, P<.001), a standard error of measurement of 3.1 blocks, and the smallest detectable change at a 95% CI of 8.5 blocks. Interrater reliability was moderate with an ICC of 0.67 (P=.02). The Bland-Altman analysis showed sufficient accuracy of the dBBT in comparison with the conventional BBT.
conclusionsThe dBBT can contribute to objectifying the measurement of gross hand dexterity without losing its important characteristics and is simple to implement.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.