ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2023
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in "Long COVID": pathophysiology, heart rate variability, and inflammatory markers.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cardiopulmonary crosstalk in Long COVID: a systematic review of emerging evidence.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Probiotics on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Its Associations With Cardiac Autonomic Function in Women With Arterial Hypertension: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Trial
- Therapeutic Effects of Slow Deep Breathing on Cardiopulmonary Function, Physical Performance, Biochemical Parameters, and Stress in Older Adult Patients with Long COVID in Phayao, Thailand.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2025Trial
- Wearable Heart Rate Variability Monitoring, Autonomic Dysfunction and Post-exertional Malaise in Long COVID: An Observational Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Normative Heart Rate Variability Parameters Across Age and Gender in Healthy Adults from an Apex Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- The Severity of COVID-19 Is Associated with Greater Impairment of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation-Physical Training as a Countermeasure.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Digital physiological biomarkers predict within-person symptom changes in complex chronic illness.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between heart rate and physical activity in people with post-COVID-19 condition accounting for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Integrative perspectives on electroacupuncture modulation of vagal-cholinergic and neuro-immune-metabolic regulation in long COVID.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- Predictors of Long COVID: older adults, women, and an incomplete COVID-19 vaccination schedule.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2026Article
- Review
- Physical Capacity After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adolescent Male Soccer Players: A Three-Month Follow-Up Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Using Active Standing Orthostatic Stress Test to Assess Physiological Responses in Individuals with Long COVID: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life and Biomarkers in Long COVID: A 12-Month Longitudinal Feasibility Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Characterization of sympathicotonia in post-covid condition (long covid) and healthy controls using long-term electrodermal activity (EDA) follow-up.Clinical physiology and functional imaging · 2025Article
- The effect of uninterrupted and interrupted sitting on vascular function in adults with long COVID.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Combined Cardiac Arrhythmias Leading to Electrical Chaos Developed in the Convalescent Phase of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Automatic detection of persistent physiological changes after COVID infection via wearable devices with potential for long COVID management.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A multinational cross-sectional study on the prevalence and predictors of long COVID across 33 countries.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Long-Term Electrocardiographic Changes in Healthcare Workers Following Mild to Moderate Cases of Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Longitudinal Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long COVID is characterized by persistent signs and symptoms that continue or develop for more than 4 weeks after acute COVID-19 infection. Patients with Long COVID experience a cardiovascular autonomic imbalance known as dysautonomia. However, the underlying autonomic pathophysiological mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Current hypotheses include neurotropism, cytokine storms, and inflammatory persistence. Certain immunological factors indicate autoimmune dysfunction, which can be used to identify patients at a higher risk of Long COVID. Heart rate variability can indicate autonomic imbalances in individuals suffering from Long COVID, and measurement is a non-invasive and low-cost method for assessing cardiovascular autonomic modulation. Additionally, biochemical inflammatory markers are used for diagnosing and monitoring Long COVID. These inflammatory markers can be used to improve the understanding of the mechanisms driving the inflammatory response and its effects on the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic imbalances in patients with Long COVID may result in lower heart rate variability, impaired vagal activity, and substantial sympathovagal imbalance. New research on this subject must be encouraged to enhance the understanding of the long-term risks that cardiovascular autonomic imbalances can cause in individuals with Long COVID.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.