ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2023
Porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus alone or associated are frequent intralesional detected viruses in porcine respiratory disease complex cases in Northern Italy.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated pathological and molecular characterisation of respiratory disease in extensively reared Sicilian Black pigs: detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine circovirus type 2, and concurrent pulmonary silicosis.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 in Europe: neither wild nor tamed.Porcine health management · 2025Article
- Detection of PCV2d in pig industry of the Iberian Peninsula.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Detection of infectious agents in lungs of slaughtered pigs in association with cranioventral pulmonary consolidation.Journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Challenges and Lessons Learned from a Field Trial on the Understanding of the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Engineering a bivalent nanoparticle vaccine with PCV2 capsid protein and PRRSV epitopes.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Bright-Field Multiplex Immunohistochemistry in Swine PCV2 and PRRSV Lymphadenopathies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Development of a triplex TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of swine influenza virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and porcine circovirus type 2.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Detection of Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Using CRISPR-Cas12a/13a Coupled with Isothermal Amplification.Viruses · 2024Review
- Article
- Prevalence and genetic evolution analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in Sichuan Province, China, from 2023 to 2024.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Methods: This study aimed to examine the pathological impact of Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) through histological and immunohistochemical analysis of 79 cases of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) collected from 22 farms in Northern Italy. Lung tissue and several lymphoid organ samples were deployed to associate PCV2-positive stain with Circovirus-associated Diseases (PCVD). Results: The most common lung lesion observed was interstitial pneumonia, alone or combined with bronchopneumonia. By immunohistochemistry, 44 lungs (55.7%) tested positive for PCV2, 34 (43.0%) for PRRSV, 16 (20.3%) for both viruses and in 17 cases (21.5%) neither virus was detected. Twenty-eight out of 44 (63.6%) PCV2-positive cases had lymphoid depletion or granulomatous inflammation in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined; thus, they were classified as PCV2 Systemic Diseases (PCV2-SD). In the remaining 16 out of 44 cases (36.4%), PCV2-positive lung lesions were associated with hyperplastic or normal lymphoid tissues, which showed PCV2-positive centrofollicular dendritic cells in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined. Therefore, these cases were classified as PRDC/PCV2-positive. In the PCV2-positive animals, 42.9% of the PCV2-SD cases (12/28) showed immunohistochemistry (IHC) positivity for PRRSV in the lung tissue, while 25.0% of PRDC/PCV2-positive cases (4/16) showed double positivity for PCV2 and PRRSV. Discussion: In light of the caseload presented in this study, characterized by the high proportion of PCV2-SD cases alongside the overall respiratory symptomatology, it is imperative to emphasize the crucial role of a comprehensive sampling protocol. This is critical to avoid underestimating the harm caused by PCV2 in farms, particularly with respect to the systemic form of the disease. PCV2 and PRRSV remain the primary infections associated with PRDC in Italy that can significantly impact farm health and co-infections in the field can worsen the pathology, thus the selection of appropriate preventive measures is critical.
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