ReviewJournal of sport and health science2024
Immune consequences of exercise in hypoxia: A narrative review.
Review in Journal of sport and health science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic effects of creatine, carbs, protein on repeated sprint performance.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Controlled Hypoxia Acutely Prevents Physical Inactivity-Induced Peripheral BDNF Decline.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Hypoxic Exercise Alleviates Diabetic Skeletal Myopathy in Zebrafish in Association with Hif1a/Foxo3a Signaling and Mitochondrial Quality Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of acute severe hypobaric hypoxia on gut-muscle axis in rats.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- High-altitude de-acclimatization and long-term immune suppression: the role of Nrf2 in Treg function targeting 3PM.The EPMA journal · 2026Article
- The Influence of Training with an Evaluation Mask on Physiological Adaptations in a Recreational Athlete.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Hematological, inflammatory, and hypoxia-responsive adaptations to 18-day normobaric live high-train low training in elite rowers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Effects of hypoxia and hyperoxia on exercise-induced metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles in equine skeletal muscle.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- Blood Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Immune Characteristics of Captive Forest Musk Deer (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Systemic hypoxia appears to attenuate autophagy in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells during repeated sprint exercises.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveal age-specific basal and acute exercise responsiveness differences in humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Influence of long-distance trail running on blood hemostasis at the World Mountain Trail Running Championship 2023-a pilot study.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Pulsed Hyperoxia Acts on Plasmatic Advanced Glycation End Products and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and Modulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Pilot Study on the "Normobaric Oxygen Paradox".International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia due to obstructive sleep apnea slightly alters nutritional status: a pre-clinical study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune outcomes are key mediators of many health benefits of exercise and are determined by exercise type, dose (frequency/duration, intensity), and individual characteristics. Similarly, reduced availability of ambient oxygen (hypoxia) modulates immune functions depending on the hypoxic dose and the individual capacity to respond to hypoxia. How combined exercise and hypoxia (e.g., high-altitude training) sculpts immune responses is not well understood, although such combinations are becoming increasingly popular. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize the impact on immune responses of exercise and of hypoxia, both independently and together, with a focus on specialized cells in the innate and adaptive immune system. We review the regulation of the immune system by tissue oxygen levels and the overlapping and distinct immune responses related to exercise and hypoxia, then we discuss how they may be modulated by nutritional strategies. Mitochondrial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlie many of the adaptations that can lead to improved cellular metabolism, resilience, and overall immune functions by regulating the survival, differentiation, activation, and migration of immune cells. This review shows that exercise and hypoxia can impair or complement/synergize with each other while regulating immune system functions. Appropriate acclimatization, training, and nutritional strategies can be used to avoid risks and tap into the synergistic potentials of the poorly studied immune consequences of exercising in a hypoxic state.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.