Observational studyScientific reports2023
Use of biomarkers for predicting a malignant course in acute ischemic stroke: an observational case-control study.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Blood-Based Biomarkers and Malignant Infarction in Severe Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Mapping the Ischemic Continuum: Dynamic Multi-Omic Biomarker and AI for Personalized Stroke Care.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Clinical, Imaging, and Serum Biomarker Predictors of Malignant Cerebral Infarction.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Bridging the Gap Between Research and Clinical Practice in Treatment Strategies and Mechanisms of Acute Ischemic Stroke.Neurology international · 2025Article
- High-Mobility Group Box-1 as a Predictor for Malignant Brain Edema Following Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Body fluids biomarkers associated with prognosis of acute ischemic stroke: progress and prospects.Future science OA · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a sudden neurological event caused by brain ischemia. Patients with large vessel occlusion are at high risk of developing significant cerebral edema, which can lead to rapid neurological decline. The optimal timing for decompressive hemicraniectomy to prevent further brain damage is still uncertain. This study aimed to identify potential predictors of severe brain edema. The data indicate that specific cytokines may help identify patients with a higher risk of developing life-threatening brain swelling in the early phase post-stroke. The association between a positive biomarker and the outcome was calculated, and three biomarkers-S100B protein, MMP-9, and IL-10-were found to be significantly associated with malignant edema. A model was derived for early predicting malignant cerebral edema, including S100B protein and IL-1 beta. These findings suggest that molecular biomarkers related to the ischemic cascade may be a helpful way of predicting the development of malignant cerebral edema in ischemic stroke patients, potentially widening the time window for intervention and assisting in decision-making. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of severe brain edema and highlights the potential use of biomarkers in predicting the course of ischemic stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.