ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Association between sex steroid hormones and subsequent hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive serum metabolic markers in GDM patients: A targeted metabolomics study combined with machine learning of sex steroid hormones.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Advances and challenges in the mechanistic understanding of beta-cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus.Journal of animal science · 2026Review
- Excess Neonatal Testosterone Causes Male-Specific Social and Fear Memory Deficits in Wild-Type Mice.eNeuro · 2025Article
- The role of prenatal maternal sex steroid hormones in weight and adiposity at birth and growth trajectories during infancy.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Maternal organophosphate esters and sex steroid hormones in mid-pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Gestational exposure to PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Elevated pre-pregnancy testosterone is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: an observational cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Observational
- Exposure to Low-Level Air Pollution and Hyperglycemia Markers during Pregnancy: A Repeated Measure Analysis.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- [Exploring the Causal Relationship Between Coagulation Function and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Through Mendelian Randomization].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2024Article
- Associations between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal serum and cord blood in the UPSIDE pregnancy cohort.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- The role of prenatal maternal sex steroid hormones in weight and adiposity at birth and growth trajectories during infancy.Research square · 2024Article
- Untargeted metabolomics uncovers metabolic dysregulation and tissue sensitivity in ACE2 knockout mice.Heliyon · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: Sex steroid hormones may play a role in insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation. However, evidence regarding associations between early-pregnancy sex steroid hormones and hyperglycemia during pregnancy is limited. The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationships between first trimester sex steroid hormones and the subsequent development of hyperglycemia during pregnancy; with secondary evaluation of sex steroid hormones levels in mid-late pregnancy, concurrent with and subsequent to diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective pregnancy cohort study was conducted. Medically low-risk participants with no known major endocrine disorders were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy (n=319). Sex steroid hormones in each trimester, including total testosterone, free testosterone, estrone, estradiol, and estriol, were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Glucose levels of the 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test and gestational diabetes diagnosis were abstracted from medical records. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess the associations of individual first trimester sex steroids and glucose levels. Results: In adjusted models, first trimester total testosterone (β=5.24, 95% CI: 0.01, 10.46, p=0.05) and free testosterone (β=5.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 10.98, p=0.02) were positively associated with subsequent glucose concentrations and gestational diabetes diagnosis (total testosterone: OR=3.63, 95% CI: 1.50, 8.78; free testosterone: OR=3.69; 95% CI: 1.56, 8.73). First trimester estrone was also positively associated with gestational diabetes (OR=3.66, 95% CI: 1.56, 8.55). In mid-late pregnancy, pregnant people with gestational diabetes had lower total testosterone levels (β=-0.19, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.02) after adjustment for first trimester total testosterone. Conclusion: Early-pregnancy sex steroid hormones, including total testosterone, free testosterone, and estrone, were positively associated with glucose levels and gestational diabetes in mid-late pregnancy. These hormones may serve as early predictors of gestational diabetes in combination with other risk factors.
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