ArticleThe veterinary quarterly2023
Mass mortality event in South American sea lions (
Article in The veterinary quarterly, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Distribution of influenza A virus receptors in tissues of South American marine wildlife.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- An overview of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b and its emerging threat in mainland Australia: Identified knowledge gaps.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Dairy cows infected with influenza A(H5N1) reveals low infectious dose and transmission barriers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- On the brink of emergence: an evolutionary approach to Influenza A virus H5N1 isolated from humans.Virus research · 2026Article
- Development and characterization of chicken lung organoids for in vitro modeling of avian influenza virus-host cell interaction.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- The role of wild birds in the global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 panzootic, 2020-2023.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Article
- Declining Abundance and Variable Condition of Fur Seal (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Expanding Horizons: Host Range Evolution and Treatment Strategies for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and H7N9.Viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype: Resurgent Interspecies and Intercontinental Transmission, and a New Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ecology and environment predict spatially stratified risk of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b in wild birds across Europe.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Influenza mRNA vaccine reduces pathogenicity and transmission of A(H5N1) virus in a ferret model.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Persistence and spillback of mammal-adapted H5N1 genotype B3.2 viruses among South American seabirds and marine mammals.Research square · 2025Article
- Attachment Patterns of Avian Influenza H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Respiratory Tracts of Marine Mammals, North Atlantic Ocean.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In Chile, since January 2023, a sudden and pronounced increase in strandings and mortality has been observed among South American (SA) sea lions (Otaria flavescens), prompting significant concern. Simultaneously, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAIV H5N1) in avian species has emerged since December 2022. To investigate the cause of this unexpected mortality, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological and pathologic study. One hundred sixty-nine SA sea lions were sampled to ascertain their HPAIV H5N1 status, and long-term stranding trends from 2009 to 2023 were analyzed. In addition, two animals were necropsied. Remarkably, a significant surge in SA sea lion strandings was observed initiating in January 2023 and peaking in June 2023, with a count of 4,545 stranded and deceased animals. Notably, this surge in mortality correlates geographically with HPAIV outbreaks affecting wild birds. Among 168 sampled SA sea lions, 34 (20%) tested positive for Influenza A virus, and 21 confirmed for HPAIV H5N1 2.3.4.4b clade in tracheal/rectal swab pools. Clinical and pathological evaluations of the two necropsied stranded sea lions revealed prevalent neurological and respiratory signs, including disorientation, tremors, ataxia, and paralysis, as well as acute dyspnea, tachypnea, profuse nasal secretion, and abdominal breathing. The lesions identified in necropsied animals aligned with observed clinical signs. Detection of the virus
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.