ArticleCommunications medicine2023
Precision subclassification of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
Article in Communications medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07461805 (Caracterización de Subgrupos de Personas Con Diabetes Tipo 1), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Caracterización de Subgrupos de Personas Con Diabetes Tipo 1: análisis de características clínicas y glucométricas Utilizando Una aproximación de Inteligencia Artificial
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed.
- Importance of targeting post-prandial hyperglycaemia to achieve HbA1c goals in insulin glargine-treated subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Body Composition Differentiates Prediabetes Phenotype Clusters in the Diabetes Prevention Program Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Data-driven subclassification of type 2 diabetes in Mexico: a conceptual framework to improve diabetes care.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Review
- Type 2 diabetes subtypes for precision medicine: methodological challenges and alternative prediction-based approaches.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Review
- Subgroups of Adult-Onset Diabetes: A Prospective Follow-Up Study of Progression of Insulin Resistance and Deficiency and Association With Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- From language matters to stigma-free communication in diabetes: Evolution, challenges, and next steps.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Review
- Multi-omics-driven precision medicine.iMeta · 2026Review
- From dietary-pattern discovery to precision nutrition equity in type 2 diabetes.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Subtypes of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: Mortality and Excess Life Lost in South Asians.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Genetic basis of Asian diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Review
- Myoprotective Fat-Loss Phenotypes in Obesity-Associated Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Month Real-World Cohort Study of Metformin-Based Treatment Regimens.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Patient-Level Multidimensional Response Phenotypes in Obesity-Associated Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Month Real-World Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal and fetal genetic predispositions to insulin deficiency and resistance affect fetal growth through distinct pathways.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolite association profiles for type 2 diabetes genetic clusters in Finnish men.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Metabolic Trajectories Before Diabetes Diagnosis Across Subgroups: A Pooled Analysis of Prospective European Cohort Studies.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Metabolic dysfunction and the use of adjunct medications in type 1 diabetes.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2026Review
- Subtypes of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and risk of complications: analysis of electronic health records in the USA.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Phenotypic clustering of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Personalized Diabetes Therapy Part 2-Individual Diabetes Treatment (Standard of Care Plus, SOC+).Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeterogeneity in type 2 diabetes presentation and progression suggests that precision medicine interventions could improve clinical outcomes. We undertook a systematic review to determine whether strategies to subclassify type 2 diabetes were associated with high quality evidence, reproducible results and improved outcomes for patients.
methodsWe searched PubMed and Embase for publications that used 'simple subclassification' approaches using simple categorisation of clinical characteristics, or 'complex subclassification' approaches which used machine learning or 'omics approaches in people with established type 2 diabetes. We excluded other diabetes subtypes and those predicting incident type 2 diabetes. We assessed quality, reproducibility and clinical relevance of extracted full-text articles and qualitatively synthesised a summary of subclassification approaches.
resultsHere we show data from 51 studies that demonstrate many simple stratification approaches, but none have been replicated and many are not associated with meaningful clinical outcomes. Complex stratification was reviewed in 62 studies and produced reproducible subtypes of type 2 diabetes that are associated with outcomes. Both approaches require a higher grade of evidence but support the premise that type 2 diabetes can be subclassified into clinically meaningful subtypes.
conclusionCritical next steps toward clinical implementation are to test whether subtypes exist in more diverse ancestries and whether tailoring interventions to subtypes will improve outcomes.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.