ArticleActa odontologica Scandinavica2024
Correlational analysis between salivary and blood glucose levels in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Acta odontologica Scandinavica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Implications and Research Progress of Salivary Biomarkers for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Salivary Glucose Testing for Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence and Methodological Heterogeneity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A multivariate biosensor for non-invasive glucose and urea monitoringRSC advances · 2025Article
- Exploring Saliva as a Sample for Non-Invasive Glycemic Monitoring in Diabetes: A Scoping Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the association of patient-related demographic, socioeconomic status, physical activity, stress, and dietary factors influencing the relationship between salivary and blood glucose levels in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).
methodThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 participants with and without DM. Saliva and blood were collected to estimate the glucose levels. Age, gender, occupation, socioeconomic and education level, BMI, hip to waist circumference, stress, dietary pattern, lifestyle, physical activity, family history of diabetes, and type of diabetes were recorded. The association of saliva to predict blood glucose levels was analysed using Spearman Rank Correlation and how these patient-related factors influence the correlation was estimated for future machine learning models. The difference in medians for various groups was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U Test or Kruskal Wallis Test.
resultsBlood glucose level is not significantly correlated to salivary glucose level. However, a statistically significant difference in the median blood glucose levels for diabetic participants (median = 137) compared to healthy controls (p-value < .05) was noted. The correlation between blood and salivary glucose was more positive for higher levels of glucose (Spearman 0.4). Age, alcohol consumption, monthly wages, intake of vegetables, and socioeconomic status affect blood glucose levels.
conclusionA correlation between saliva and blood glucose levels in healthy individuals was weak. Saliva should only be used as a monitoring tool rather than a diagnostic tool and is more reliable for patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.