ArticlePLoS computational biology2023
Integrated information theory (IIT) 4.0: Formulating the properties of phenomenal existence in physical terms.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers.
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Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed.
- T-Consciousness fields alter germination, growth, and biochemical responses of wheat (Plant signaling & behavior · 2026Article
- Conserved neural dynamics of anesthesia and the oblivion of species.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- RIFT: A Fractal-Holographic Theory of Consciousness and Autopoietic Control.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Principal bundle geometry of qualia: Understanding the quality of consciousness from symmetry.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Cortical neuron classes and recursive curvature collapse: a neurobiological model of conscious dynamics.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2026Article
- System-specific reductions of resting-state BOLD signal entropy in disorders of consciousness.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Towards a Mathematical Structure of Global Phenomenal Consciousness.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An open multi-center MEG-EEG dataset for studying conscious visual perception.Scientific data · 2026Article
- An open-access multi-site fMRI dataset for investigating conscious visual perception.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Alpha Oscillations Track the Projection of Reactivated Memories into Conscious Awareness.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Intrinsic Cause-Effect Power: The Tradeoff Between Differentiation and Specification.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Quantum Superpositions of Conscious States in a Minimal Integrated Information Model.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- When Wholes Resist Decomposition: A Spectral Measure of Epistemic Emergence.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Testing circuit-level theories of consciousness in humans.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- The integrated information Φ of an integrate and fire network.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Reflections on Consciousness in Intensive Care.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- We need to explain subjective experience, but its explanation may not be mechanistic.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Emergent multiscale organisation of neural dynamics fragments in anaesthesia.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper presents Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 4.0. IIT aims to account for the properties of experience in physical (operational) terms. It identifies the essential properties of experience (axioms), infers the necessary and sufficient properties that its substrate must satisfy (postulates), and expresses them in mathematical terms. In principle, the postulates can be applied to any system of units in a state to determine whether it is conscious, to what degree, and in what way. IIT offers a parsimonious explanation of empirical evidence, makes testable predictions concerning both the presence and the quality of experience, and permits inferences and extrapolations. IIT 4.0 incorporates several developments of the past ten years, including a more accurate formulation of the axioms as postulates and mathematical expressions, the introduction of a unique measure of intrinsic information that is consistent with the postulates, and an explicit assessment of causal relations. By fully unfolding a system's irreducible cause-effect power, the distinctions and relations specified by a substrate can account for the quality of experience.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.