ArticleNano today2023
Two decades of vaccine development against atherosclerosis.
Article in Nano today, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy and vaccine-based approaches for atherosclerosis prevention: a systematic review study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- LDL-binding IL-10 reduces vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic mice.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- CD8Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Chaperonin in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Impact of Vaccines Across the Lifespan: A New Perspective in Public Health-Conclusions of an Expert Panel-Part 2.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Recent advances in immunotherapy targeting CETP proteins for atherosclerosis prevention.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Mitigating atherosclerosis: Integrating vaccines with gene targets.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Review
- PCSK9 Inhibitors: A Potential Priority Choice for Lipid Management in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.Drugs · 2025Review
- Anti-Atherogenic Mechanisms and Therapies.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- A prometabolite strategy inhibits cardiometabolic disease in an ApoE-/- murine model of atherosclerosis.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Estimating the best PCSK9 vaccine design for atherosclerosis based on mouse models: A frequentist network meta-analysis.Global cardiology science & practice · 2025Article
- Targeted drug delivery systems for atherosclerosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Active Immunization Using TRPM2 Peptide Vaccine Attenuates Atherosclerotic Progression in a Mouse Model of Atherosclerosis.Vaccines · 2025Article
- A bibliometric analysis of vaccination against atherosclerosis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Vaccination as a Promising Approach in Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation: Are We Ready to Embrace a Vaccine Strategy?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Advancements in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: From Conventional Therapies to Cutting-Edge Innovations.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- Beyond Extracellular Vesicles: Hybrid Membrane Nanovesicles as Emerging Advanced Tools for Biomedical Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the development of fatty plaques in the arterial walls, ultimately increasing the risk of thrombosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction. The immune response in this complex disease is both atheroprotective and pro-atherogenic, involving both innate and adaptive immunity. Current treatments include the adjustment of lifestyle factors, cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins, and immunotherapy, whereas vaccine development has received comparatively little attention. In this review, we discuss the potential of antigen-specific vaccination as a preventative approach based on more than 20 years of research and innovation. Vaccination targets include proteins that are more abundant in atherosclerotic patients, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein B-100, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 serine protease (PCSK9), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and heat shock proteins HSP60 and HSP65. Immunization with such proteins or their peptide epitopes has been shown to induce T-cell activation, produce antigen-specific antibodies, reduce the size of atherosclerotic lesions, and/or reduce serum cholesterol levels. Vaccination against atherosclerosis therefore offers a new strategy to address the burden on healthcare systems caused by cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.