ArticleMalaria journal2023
Gametocyte prevalence and risk factors of P. falciparum malaria patients admitted at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Thailand: a 20-year retrospective study.
Article in Malaria journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Community reservoirs of malaria parasites and gametocytes in Arba Minch district, southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms involved inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Imported Malaria Outbreak in Military Personnel Returning from Peacekeeping Operation in South Sudan - Thailand, 2023.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Risk factor for gametocyte carriage and gametocytemia in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- In vitro and in silico evaluation of synthetic compounds derived from bi-triazoles against asexual and sexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria-infected individuals in Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of malaria in Thailand has dramatically declined over the past two decades, and the goal is to eliminate malaria by 2025. Despite significant progress, one of the key challenges to malaria elimination are undetected gametocyte carriers. Human migration adds complexity to the malaria situation, as it not only sustains local transmission but also poses the risk of spreading drug-resistant parasites. Currently, no study has assessed the prevalence of gametocytes across multiple years in Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients in Thailand, and the risk factors for gametocyte carriage have not been fully explored.
methodsMedical records of all P. falciparum malaria patients admitted from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2020 at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Thailand, were retrospectively examined and a total of 1962 records were included for analysis. Both P. falciparum parasites and gametocytes were diagnosed by microscopy. A regression model was used to evaluate predictors of gametocyte carriage.
resultsThe study demonstrated gametocyte prevalence in low malaria transmission areas. Nine risk factors for gametocyte carriage were identified: age between 15 and 24 years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-3.26], Karen ethnicity (aOR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.56-4.29), preadmission duration of fever > 7 days (aOR = 5.40, 95% CI 3.92-7.41), fever on admission (> 37.5 °C) (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.77), haemoglobin ≤ 8 g/dL (aOR = 3.32, 95% CI 2.06-5.33), asexual parasite density > 5000-25,000/µL (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.98), asexual parasite density > 25,000-100,000/µL (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.53-1.03), asexual parasite density > 100,000/µL (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.72), platelet count ≤ 100,000/µL (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.85, clinical features of severe malaria (aOR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.76-3.10) and dry season (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.10-1.80). An increasing incidence of imported transnational malaria cases was observed over the past two decades.
conclusionsThis is the first study to determine the prevalence of gametocytes among patients with symptomatic P. falciparum malaria, identify the risk factors for gametocyte carriage, and potential gametocyte carriers in Thailand. Blocking transmission is one of the key strategies for eliminating malaria in these areas. The results might provide important information for targeting gametocyte carriers and improving the allocation of resources for malaria control in Thailand. This study supports the already nationally recommended use of a single dose of primaquine in symptomatic P. falciparum malaria patients to clear gametocytes.
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