Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37897201›Full record

ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2024

Predictors of Psychological Distress Among Rural Family/Friend Caregivers of People Living With Dementia in the United States: Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Jasmine Santoyo-Olsson, Kenneth E Covinsky, Catherine A Chesla, Kate Lorig, Dolores Gallagher-Thompson, Jing Cheng, Maritza Luzanilla, Elizabeth Macias Romo, Giselle Aguayo Ramirez, Leah Karliner and 1 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04428112 (Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Online Small-Group Self-Management Workshop for Rural Caregivers of Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04428112 nacompletednot on this map

Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Online Small-Group Self-Management Workshop for Rural Caregivers of Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2020 to 2023Enrolled418ConditionsDepression, Stress, Psychological, Self Efficacy, LonelinessArmsBuilding Better Caregivers Workshop, Attention Control
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Friendship and momentary loneliness in dementia caregiving: daily experiences of caregivers with high and low burden.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jasmine Santoyo-OlssonDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Kenneth E CovinskyDivision of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Catherine A CheslaFamily Health Care Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Kate LorigDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Dolores Gallagher-ThompsonPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Jing ChengDivision of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Maritza LuzanillaDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Elizabeth Macias RomoDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Giselle Aguayo RamirezDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Leah KarlinerDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Veronica YankDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USStanford University · US

Funding

RESEARCH TRAINING IN GERIATRIC MEDICINET32AG000212 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · 1991 to 2025
$1.8M
UCSF Older Americans Independence CenterP30AG044281 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · 2025 to 2025
$1.5M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG044281NIA NIH HHS R01 AG057855NIA NIH HHS R01AG057855NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000212NIA NIH HHS T32-AG000212
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesCaregivers of persons living with dementia in rural United States are a vulnerable population. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rural communities experienced heightened disparities in social services, healthcare, suicides, and mortality. Guided by the Caregiving Stress Process Model, this study examines the relationship between the stressors and resources of rural caregivers of persons living with dementia and their experience of depression, stress, and COVID-19.

methodsOne hundred and fifty-two rural caregivers of persons living with dementia completed an online survey, March 1, 2021-April 30, 2022. Analyses used baseline responses to validated scales and an open-ended question, "How has COVID impacted your life as a caregiver?" Dependent variables were depressive symptoms and stress. Bivariate and hierarchical linear regression analyses examined associations of stressors and resources with depressive symptoms and stress. Thematic analysis examined open-ended question responses.

resultsAmong examined stressors, high care burden (b = 1.94, p < .05) and loneliness (b = 0.76, p < .0001) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Loneliness (b = 0.24, p < .05) and ≥41 hr spent caregiving per week (reference 10-20 hr; b = 0.99, p < .05) were associated with stress. Among examined resources, self-efficacy for caregiving (b = -0.21, p < .05) was inversely associated with stress. Qualitative results confirmed quantitative results and identified additional pandemic-related themes in stressors and resources. DISCUSSION: We found that caregiver burden, loneliness, and caregiving hours were associated with greater psychological distress among rural caregivers of persons living with dementia during the pandemic, whereas self-efficacy for caregiving was protective. Rural caregivers need increased support to address care burdens and enhance psychological resources for caregiving. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04428112.

Indexed as

COVID-19DementiaPsychological DistressSuicideCaregiversFriendsHumansPandemicsRural PopulationStress, PsychologicalCaregiver burdenDepressionLonelinessSelf-efficacyStress

Identifiers

PMID37897201
PMCPMC10824158
OpenAlexW4387996568

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.