ArticleBMC medicine2023
Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and liver fat: a UK Biobank study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary intake of different carbohydrate types and asthma risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Role of Insulin Resistance in Mediating the Association Between Proinflammatory Diets and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- [Analysis of dietary composition in patients with liver cirrhosis: an observational study based on the database from the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Observational
- Interaction between a refined carbohydrate dietary pattern and genetic risk score for obesity in the Korean population.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Analysis of the correlation and predictive performance of GNRI, CONUT, and PNI with MAFLD in Chinese adult physical examination population.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Assessing Nutritional Factors for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease via Diverse Statistical Tools.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Dietary antioxidant capacity, flavonoid subclasses, and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight and obese youth.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Progress and prospects of gut microbiota-targeted therapy for primary biliary cholangitis.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Who Likes Sweets? Sweet Patterns: Influence of Sex, Age, Body Mass Index, Smoking and Olfactory Efficiency on the Consumption of Sweet Products.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Dietary sugar intake, genetic susceptibility, and risk of dementia: A prospective cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Are we standing on the shifting sands of post-transplant metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease?World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Myeloperoxidase, extracellular DNA and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in the animal models of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Special correlation between diet and MASLD: positive or negative?Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Carbohydrate Quality Is Independently Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese Individuals with Impaired Glucose Tolerance.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Healthy dietary patterns and the incidence of chronic kidney disease: results from a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association between cardiovascular health and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of sugary beverages consumption with liver fat content and fibro-inflammation: a large cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Dietary Niacin on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Mediterranean Subjects: A Population-Based Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Dietary Carbohydrates, Genetic Susceptibility, and Gout Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK.Nutrients · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsExcess energy intake can lead to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and liver fat content remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and liver fat content.
methodsUK Biobank participants with no pre-existing diabetes, liver disease or cardiovascular disease reported dietary intake of types and sources of carbohydrates (total carbohydrates, free sugars, non-free sugars, starch from whole grains, starch from refined grains, and fibre) on at least two 24-h dietary assessments. In cross-sectional analyses, (n = 22,973), odds ratios (OR) of high liver fat content (defined as a score of ≥ 36 in the hepatic steatosis index) by quintiles of carbohydrate intakes were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. In prospective analyses, a second sample (n = 9268) had liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (2014-2020). Multivariable linear regression models estimated geometric means of PDFF (%) by quintiles of carbohydrate intakes. Models were adjusted for demographic and lifestyle confounders, including total energy intake.
resultsIn the cross-sectional analyses, 6894 cases of high liver fat content were identified. Inverse associations between intakes of fibre (OR of highest vs. lowest quintile 0.46 [95% CI: 0.41-0.52]), non-free sugars (0.63 [0.57-0.70]) and starch from whole grains (0.52 [0.47-0.57]) with liver fat were observed. There were positive associations between starch from refined grains and liver fat (1.33 [1.21-1.46]), but no association with free sugars (p=0.61). In prospective analyses, inverse associations with PDFF (%) were observed for intakes of fibre (- 0.48 geometric mean difference between highest and lowest quintile of intake [- 0.60 to - 0.35]), non-free sugars (- 0.37 [- 0.49 to - 0.25]) and starch from whole grains (- 0.31 [- 0.42 to - 0.19]). Free sugars, but not starch from refined grains, were positively associated with PDFF (0.17 [0.05 to 0.28]).
conclusionThis study suggests that different carbohydrate types and sources have varying associations with liver fat, which may be important for MASLD prevention. Non-free sugars, fibre, and starch from whole grains could be protective, while associations with free sugars and starch from refined grains are less clear.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.