ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2024
Gonadal hormones impart male-biased behavioral vulnerabilities to immune activation via microglial mitochondrial function.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain mitochondria as key drivers of cognition and behaviour.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Autism and Neurodegeneration: Distinct Disorders or a Shared Biological Continuum?Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Captopril restores microglial homeostasis and reverses ASD-like phenotype in a model of ASD induced by exposure in utero to anti-caspr2 IgG.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- In utero exposure to anti-Caspr2 antibody disrupts parvalbumin interneuron function in the hippocampus.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Latent social communication cognition growth trajectories of term and preterm infants/toddlers based on caregiver report.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Microglia as critical mediators linking perinatal immune stress to mental health trajectories.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Dynamic changes in mitochondria support phenotypic flexibility of microglia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Excess Neonatal Testosterone Causes Male-Specific Social and Fear Memory Deficits in Wild-Type Mice.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Sex and Region-Specific Differences in Microglial Morphology and Function Across Development.Neuroglia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Developmental functions of microglia: Impact of psychosocial and physiological early life stress.Neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Juvenile peripheral LPS exposure overrides female resilience to prenatal VPA effects on adult sociability in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is a strong male bias in the prevalence of many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying this sex bias remain elusive. Infection during the perinatal period is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorder development. Here, we used a mouse model of early-life immune activation that reliably induces deficits in social behaviors only in males. We demonstrate that male-biased alterations in social behavior are dependent upon microglial immune signaling and are coupled to alterations in mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically within microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain. Additionally, we show that this behavioral and microglial mitochondrial vulnerability to early-life immune activation is programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings demonstrate that social behavior in males over the lifespan are regulated by microglia-specific mechanisms that are shaped by events that occur in early development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.