ReviewMolecular cancer2023
Outsmarting trogocytosis to boost CAR NK/T cell therapy.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advancements and persisting challenges in the evolution of next generation car t cell therapy for solid malignancies: a comprehensive review.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Macrophage Trogocytosis of Tumor Cells Drives the Immunosuppression of Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Vimentin trogocytosis as a novel mechanism of NK cell exhaustion by circulating tumor cells.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Acquisition of Vimentin by trogocytosis inhibits the NK cell-mediated immune response against circulating tumour cells (CTCs).Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Immune surveillance interrupted: how cancer exploits trogocytosis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Immune surveillance interrupted: how cancer exploits trogocytosis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Bispecific CAR T and CAR NK cells in dual-threat immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Trogocytosis in cancer immunity and cellular immunotherapy: mechanisms, therapeutic challenges, and translational opportunities.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Enhancing persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome to embrace next-generation CAR-T cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- CD4-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells With Resistance to HIV-1 Infection and Enhanced Anti-HIV Efficacy: Covalent Interaction Between CD4-CAR and HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Beyond αβ T cells: unlocking the potential of diverse immune cells in CAR modification.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Identification of Trogocytosis as an Essential Limitation Factor in hPSC-derived CAR Macrophages.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Dual-module aCAR-iCAR NK cells for solid tumors: cascade resistance mechanisms, AI-driven engineering, and precision stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Natural killer cell dysfunction in glioma: from immune evasion to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Innovative gene engineering strategies to address tumor antigen escape in cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring CAR-macrophages in non-tumor diseases: Therapeutic potential beyond cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- CAR19-T/NK cell and circular aptamer-drug conjugate (ApDC) combination treatment increases immunotherapy efficacy.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- Emerging Strategies of Cell and Gene Therapy Targeting Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Review
- From lab to lifesaver: the rise of CAR T-cell therapy in oncology.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK and T cell therapy are promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of CAR NK/T cell therapy is often hindered by various factors, including the phenomenon of trogocytosis, which involves the bidirectional exchange of membrane fragments between cells. In this review, we explore the role of trogocytosis in CAR NK/T cell therapy and highlight potential strategies for its modulation to improve therapeutic efficacy. We provide an in-depth analysis of trogocytosis as it relates to the fate and function of NK and T cells, focusing on its effects on cell activation, cytotoxicity, and antigen presentation. We discuss how trogocytosis can mediate transient antigen loss on cancer cells, thereby negatively affecting the effector function of CAR NK/T cells. Additionally, we address the phenomenon of fratricide and trogocytosis-associated exhaustion, which can limit the persistence and effectiveness of CAR-expressing cells. Furthermore, we explore how trogocytosis can impact CAR NK/T cell functionality, including the acquisition of target molecules and the modulation of signaling pathways. To overcome the negative effects of trogocytosis on cellular immunotherapy, we propose innovative approaches to modulate trogocytosis and augment CAR NK/T cell therapy. These strategies encompass targeting trogocytosis-related molecules, engineering CAR NK/T cells to resist trogocytosis-induced exhaustion and leveraging trogocytosis to enhance the function of CAR-expressing cells. By overcoming the limitations imposed by trogocytosis, it may be possible to unleash the full potential of CAR NK/T therapy against cancer. The knowledge and strategies presented in this review will guide future research and development, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in the field of immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.