ReviewEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2023
A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Review in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in homeless children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Functional Impairments and Adverse Outcomes Associated with ADHD: A Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Defining a minimal clinically important difference for the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Efficacy of a stepped-care approach for school-age children with mild to moderate ADHD (ESCAschool-moderate): an adaptive intervention study including a randomized controlled trial.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Psychiatric diagnosis on the edge: is there evidence of benefit?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Variation in Rates of ADHD Diagnoses Across Public Schools in Arkansas.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Psychiatric and neurological predictors of early ADHD medication discontinuation across the lifespan: a multinational study.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- A Prospective Birth Cohort Study on the Association Between Cord Blood Acylcarnitine Profile and Childhood Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- [Graph convolution-based brain network analysis of visual mismatch negativity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Article
- ADHD medication discontinuation and non-adherence: a Norwegian population-based register study.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Association between ADHD symptoms and device-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in childhood: A population-based twin study.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Mortality in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Examining how risk is embodied in a pooling of two prospective cohort studies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Irritability as a Mediator Between Sensory Processing Sensitivity, Theory of Mind, and Behavioral Problems in Children and Adolescents with ADHD.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- The future of psychiatry: Reclaiming relevance in an era of technological and systemic transformation.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Impact of antenatal exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors on attentional and executive functions in children.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Feasibility of the Psychoeducational Programme SKILLS for the Child's Social Network for Patients Newly Diagnosed With ADHD: A Mixed-Method Design Study.Scandinavian journal of psychology · 2026Article
- Mediating roles of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and self-control on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult aggression.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Testing the Risk of Child Hyperactivity-Inattention Problems in Families Living with Housing-cost Burden during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Sleep disorders in children/adolescents with neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders: what evidences do we have with the use of non-pharmacological interventions?Frontiers in sleep · 2026Review
- Clinical overlap between at-risk mental states and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in community adolescents: investigating the influence of sex.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are now hundreds of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of variable quality. To help navigate this literature, we have reviewed systematic reviews on any topic on ADHD.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and performed quality assessment according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A total of 231 systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria.
resultsThe prevalence of ADHD was 7.2% for children and adolescents and 2.5% for adults, though with major uncertainty due to methodological variation in the existing literature. There is evidence for both biological and social risk factors for ADHD, but this evidence is mostly correlational rather than causal due to confounding and reverse causality. There is strong evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological treatment on symptom reduction in the short-term, particularly for stimulants. However, there is limited evidence for the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in mitigating adverse life trajectories such as educational attainment, employment, substance abuse, injuries, suicides, crime, and comorbid mental and somatic conditions. Pharmacotherapy is linked with side effects like disturbed sleep, reduced appetite, and increased blood pressure, but less is known about potential adverse effects after long-term use. Evidence of the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments is mixed.
conclusionsDespite hundreds of systematic reviews on ADHD, key questions are still unanswered. Evidence gaps remain as to a more accurate prevalence of ADHD, whether documented risk factors are causal, the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments on any outcomes, and pharmacotherapy in mitigating the adverse outcomes associated with ADHD.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.