ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2023
Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Dementia-Free Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfactory Impairment and Incident Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Pooled it
- Olfactory impairment associated with cognitive decline: findings from cognitive domain assessments among older adults in West Jakarta, Indonesia.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Incidence of altered proteins in the aging brain: Implications for biological diagnostic markers.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Assessment and behavioural management options for older adults with declined smell and taste functions: a scoping review.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Self-reported cognitive and affective complaints associated with olfactory loss in an online survey of individuals with COVID-19.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Older Adults With Olfactory Dysfunction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
- The combined effects of visual impairment, hearing loss, and olfactory dysfunction on cognitive impairment: An individually matched case-control study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Staged Screening Identifies People with Biomarkers Related to Neuronal Alpha-Synuclein Disease.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the relationship between olfactory and cognitive impairment among subjects with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Correlations between Gustatory, Olfactory, Cognitive Function, and Age in Healthy Women.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Association of Allergy-Related and Non-Allergy-Related Olfactory Impairment with Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Two Cross- Sectional Studies.Current Alzheimer research · 2024Article
- Cohort profile: the Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research - a prospective cohort study on cognition.Epidemiology and health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies assessing olfactory function and cognition have mostly been cross-sectional, and few have investigated the Asian geriatric population.
objectiveTo examine the relationships of olfaction with global or domain-specific cognitive function in Taiwanese community-dwelling older adults.
methodsThis cohort study (2015-2019) is part of the Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research. The Taiwanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-T) and a battery of neuropsychological tests were assessed at baseline and at a two-year follow-up. The cross-culture modified Sniffin' Sticks Identification Test (SSIT) was utilized to measure olfactory function. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the association of olfaction with cognitive performance over two years.
resultsData were collected from 376 participants (55.1% women), with a mean age of 75.6 years. A one-point decrease in the SSIT score (worsening of olfaction) was associated with worse global cognition (MoCA-T: βˆ= -0.13), memory (βˆ= -0.08 to -0.06), and verbal fluency (βˆ= -0.07). Compared with an SSIT score ≥ 11 (normosmia), an SSIT score < 8 (anosmia) was associated with worse global cognition (MoCA-T: βˆ= -0.99), memory (βˆ= -0.48 to -0.42), executive function (Trail Making Test A: βˆ= -0.36), attention (digit span backward: βˆ= -0.34), and verbal fluency (βˆ= -0.45). After stratified analyses, the associations remained in older adults ≥ 75 years, males, and non-carriers of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 in terms of global cognition, memory, and verbal fluency.
conclusionsOdor identification deficits were associated with poor global or domain-specific cognitive function in a four-year cohort of community-dwelling older adults. Cognitive assessments should be conducted in dementia-free elderly individuals with impaired odor identification.
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