ArticlePloS one2023
BMP9 is a potent inducer of chondrogenesis, volumetric expansion and collagen type II accumulation in bovine auricular cartilage chondroprogenitors.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioinspired and smart material systems for auricular cartilage engineering: toward microenvironment-responsive and self-regulating scaffolds.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- ChondrocytesFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Innovative tissue engineering strategies for auricular regeneration in microtia: Current advances and future perspectives.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Innovative Approaches in Microtia Treatment: Advancements in Tissue Engineering and Scaffold Design.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- BMP9 induces postnatal zonal stratification of immature articular cartilage through reconfiguration of the existing collagen framework.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reconstruction of the outer ear currently requires harvesting of cartilage from the posterior of the auricle or ribs leading to pain and donor site morbidity. An alternative source for auricular reconstruction is in vitro tissue engineered cartilage using stem/progenitor cells. Several candidate cell-types have been studied with tissue-specific auricular cartilage progenitor cells (AuCPC) of particular interest. Whilst chondrogenic differentiation of competent stem cells using growth factor TGFβ1 produces cartilage this tissue is frequently fibrocartilaginous and lacks the morphological features of hyaline cartilage. Recent work has shown that growth factor BMP9 is a potent chondrogenic and morphogenetic factor for articular cartilage progenitor cells, and we hypothesised that this property extends to cartilage-derived progenitors from other tissues. In this study we show monoclonal populations of AuCPCs from immature and mature bovine cartilage cultured with BMP9 produced cartilage pellets have 3-5-fold greater surface area in sections than those grown with TGFβ1. Increased volumetric growth using BMP9 was due to greater sGAG deposition in immature pellets and significantly greater collagen accumulation in both immature and mature progenitor pellets. Polarised light microscopy and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the organisation of collagen fibrils within pellets is an important factor in the growth of pellets. Additionally, chondrocytes in BMP9 stimulated cell pellets had larger lacunae and were more evenly dispersed throughout the extracellular matrix. Interestingly, BMP9 tended to normalise the response of immature AuCPC monoclonal cell lines to differentiation cues whereas cells exhibited more variation under TGFβ1. In conclusion, BMP9 appears to be a potent inducer of chondrogenesis and volumetric growth for AuCPCs a property that can be exploited for tissue engineering strategies for reconstructive surgery though with the caveat of negligible elastin production following 21-day treatment with either growth factor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.