Review3 Biotech2023
Understanding immune checkpoints and PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune resistance towards tumour immunotherapy.
Review in 3 Biotech, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) association in metastatic and non-metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bone morphogenetic protein 5 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical impacts of sex differences in urologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic agents in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Accumulation of CD38 in Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Cells Promotes Immune Remodeling and Metastasis in Breast Cancer.Cancer research · 2025Article
- The evolution of cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review of its history and current perspectives.Korean journal of clinical oncology · 2024Review
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach in the treatment of various cancers, offering new hope for patients previously faced with limited treatment options. A cornerstone of cancer immunotherapy lies in targeting immune checkpoints, particularly the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. Immune checkpoints serve as crucial regulators of the immune response, preventing excessive immune activity and maintaining self-tolerance. PD-1, expressed on the surface of T cells, and its ligand PD-L1, expressed on various cell types, including cancer cells and immune cells, play a central role in this regulatory process. Although the success rate associated with these immunotherapies is very promising, most patients still show intrinsic or acquired resistance. Since the mechanisms related to PD-1/PD-L1 resistance are not well understood, an in-depth analysis is necessary to improve the success rate of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Hence, here we provide an overview of PD-1, its ligand PD-L1, and the resistance mechanism towards PD-1/PD-L1. Furthermore, we have discussed the plausible solution to increase efficacy and clinical response. For the following research, joint endeavours of clinicians and basic scientists are essential to address the limitation of resistance towards immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.