ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Ketamine and the neurobiology of depression: Toward next-generation rapid-acting antidepressant treatments.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine Versus Midazolam for Suicidality: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of the NMDA-2b-Selective Negative Allosteric Modulator BI 1569912: A Phase Ib Randomized Trial in Major Depressive Disorder.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Trial
- PACSIN2-mediated synaptic injury contributes to behavioral disorders caused by chronic stress.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Treatment-resistant Depression in the Post-ketamine Era: Unmet Needs beyond Rapid Response.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Network Pharmacology Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Ketamine in Improving Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Depression.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Ketamine effects on EEG and their links to therapy differ across treatment-resistant major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Enhancing plasticity to treat depression and other central nervous system diseases using event-driven pharmacology.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Rapid antidepressant potential of nitrous oxide: current state and major questions.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Derived SCFAs Mediate the Synergistic Antidepressant Effects of Dajianzhong Decoction and Ketamine via FFAR2-NLRP3-IL-1β Signaling.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimizing antidepressant use in geriatric depression: expert consensus from French societies of geriatrics, old age psychiatry, and clinical pharmacy (SFGG, SF3PA, and SFPC).European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- A Time-Sensitive Plasticity Distinguishes the Rapid and Sustained Synaptic Actions of Ketamine from Its (2The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Combining DNA methylation features and clinical characteristics predicts ketamine treatment response for PTSD.iScience · 2026Article
- Age-dependent alterations in anterior cingulate excitation-inhibition balance in major depressive disorder revealed by 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Esketamine Reduces Lung Injury Caused by Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion by Regulating Oxidative Stress via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 PathwayEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Advancing past ketamine: emerging glutamatergic compounds for the treatment of depression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Are "mystical experiences" essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics?European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Psychoactive substances: novel molecular insights and therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Sex-Specific Neuropsychiatric Effects of Subanesthetic Ketamine Exposure in Pregnant Mice and Their Offspring.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Ketamine in clinical practice: transitioning from anesthetic agent to psychiatric therapeutic.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Repeated administration of L-alanine to mice reduces behavioural despair and increases hippocampal mammalian target of rapamycin signalling: Analysis of gender and metabolic effects.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as a transformative and mechanistically novel pharmacotherapy for depression. Its rapid onset of action, efficacy for treatment-resistant symptoms, and protection against relapse distinguish it from prior antidepressants. Its discovery emerged from a reconceptualization of the neurobiology of depression and, in turn, insights from the elaboration of its mechanisms of action inform studies of the pathophysiology of depression and related disorders. It has been 25 y since we first presented our ketamine findings in depression. Thus, it is timely for this review to consider what we have learned from studies of ketamine and to suggest future directions for the optimization of rapid-acting antidepressant treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.