Evidence mapPaperPMID 38015721Full record

ArticleDiabetes2024

High Doses of Exogenous Glucagon Stimulate Insulin Secretion and Reduce Insulin Clearance in Healthy Humans.

Sarah M Gray, Elisha Goonatilleke, Michelle A Emrick, Jessica O Becker, Andrew N Hoofnagle, Darko Stefanovski, Wentao He, Guofang Zhang, Jenny Tong, Jonathan Campbell and 1 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07224334 (Alpha to Beta Cell Communication in Health and Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07224334 phase1recruitingstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Alpha to Beta Cell Communication in Health and Disease

Ran2025Enrolled30Registered outcomes3Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes (DM)Armsdexamethasone, Exendin-9 is a 30 amino acid peptide that is an established competitive antagonist of the GLP-1 receptor. Subjects will receive exendin-9 by intravenous infusion at a rate of 600 pmol/kg/min
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the TRANSCEND-CKD trial of retatrutide in patients with chronic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. REVISITING GLUCAGON ACTION IN DIABETES: IS IT ALL BAD?Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Sarah M GrayDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.ORCID 0000-0003-2370-7968
Elisha GoonatillekeDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Michelle A EmrickDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Jessica O BeckerDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Andrew N HoofnagleDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Darko StefanovskiDepartment of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square.
Wentao HeDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Guofang ZhangDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Jenny TongDivision of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.ORCID 0000-0002-5614-3671
Jonathan CampbellDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.ORCID 0000-0003-4358-6331
David A D'AlessioDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Duke University · USUniversity of Washington · USGenesis HealthCare · US

Funding

Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 1986 to 2025
$12.6M
Pilot & Feasibility ProgramP30DK124723 · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · 2025 to 2025
$1.6M
Quantifying proteins in plasma do democratize personalized medicine for patients with type 1 diabetesU01DK137097 · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2025 to 2025
$829k
NIDDK NIH HHS F32DK12142NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK124723NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK101991NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK121289NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK137097
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucagon is generally defined as a counterregulatory hormone with a primary role to raise blood glucose concentrations by increasing endogenous glucose production (EGP) in response to hypoglycemia. However, glucagon has long been known to stimulate insulin release, and recent preclinical findings have supported a paracrine action of glucagon directly on islet β-cells that augments their secretion. In mice, the insulinotropic effect of glucagon is glucose dependent and not present during basal euglycemia. To test the hypothesis that the relative effects of glucagon on hepatic and islet function also vary with blood glucose, a group of healthy subjects received glucagon (100 ng/kg) during fasting glycemia or experimental hyperglycemia (∼150 mg/dL) on 2 separate days. During fasting euglycemia, administration of glucagon caused blood glucose to rise due to increased EGP, with a delayed increase of insulin secretion. When given during experimental hyperglycemia, glucagon caused a rapid, threefold increase in insulin secretion, as well as a more gradual increase in EGP. Under both conditions, insulin clearance was decreased in response to glucagon infusion. The insulinotropic action of glucagon, which is proportional to the degree of blood glucose elevation, suggests distinct physiologic roles in the fasting and prandial states. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS:

Indexed as

GlucagonHyperglycemiaAnimalsBlood GlucoseGlucoseHumansInsulinInsulin, Regular, HumanInsulin SecretionMiceBlood GlucoseGlucagonGlucoseInsulinInsulin, Regular, Human

Identifiers

PMID38015721
PMCPMC10882148
OpenAlexW4389099729

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.