SynthesisBMC medicine2023
Identifying patterns of reported findings on long-term cardiac complications of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cardiac Effects in Post-COVID-19 Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Imaging- and Biomarker-Based Structural and Functional Remodeling.Annals of cardiac anaesthesia · 2026Pooled it
- Pediatric post COVID-19 condition: an umbrella review of the most common symptoms and associated factors.European journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- Peripheral immune function and Alzheimer's disease: a living systematic review and critical appraisal.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a narrative synthesis review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Long-term cardiovascular events in individuals hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Emerging risk factors for heart failure in younger populations: A growing public health concern.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- The severity of pediatric COVID-19 during hospitalization is not associated with mortality within six months of discharge.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- New-onset cardiovascular diseases post SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban population in the Bronx.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Fibrinaloid Microclots and Atrial Fibrillation.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID-A Review of the Literature.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Chronotropic incompetence is associated with reduced aerobic conditioning and sedentary behavior in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPrior reviews synthesized findings of studies on long-term cardiac complications of COVID-19. However, the reporting and methodological quality of these studies has not been systematically evaluated. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on long-term cardiac complications of COVID-19 and examined patterns of reported findings by study quality and characteristics.
methodsWe searched for studies examining long-term cardiac complications of COVID-19 that persisted for 4 weeks and over. A customized Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed to generate prevalence estimates of long-term cardiac complications across studies. Stratified analyses were further conducted to examine the prevalence of each complication by study quality and characteristics. The GRADE approach was used to determine the level of evidence for complications included in the meta-analysis.
resultsA total number of 150 studies describing 57 long-term cardiac complications were included in this review, and 137 studies reporting 17 complications were included in the meta-analysis. Only 25.3% (n = 38) of studies were of high quality based on the NOS quality assessment. Chest pain and arrhythmia were the most widely examined long-term complications. When disregarding study quality and characteristics, summary prevalence estimates for chest and arrhythmia were 9.79% (95% CI 7.24-13.11) and 8.22% (95% CI 6.46-10.40), respectively. However, stratified analyses showed that studies with low-quality scores, small sample sizes, unsystematic sampling methods, and cross-sectional design were more likely to report a higher prevalence of complications. For example, the prevalence of chest pain was 22.17% (95% CI 14.40-32.55), 11.08% (95% CI 8.65-14.09), and 3.89% (95% CI 2.49-6.03) in studies of low, medium, and high quality, respectively. Similar patterns were observed for arrhythmia and other less examined long-term cardiac complications.
conclusionThere is a wide spectrum of long-term cardiac complications of COVID-19. Reported findings from previous studies are strongly related to study quality, sample sizes, sampling methods, and designs, underscoring the need for high-quality epidemiologic studies to characterize these complications and understand their etiology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.