ReviewImmunity, inflammation and disease2023
New insights on the potential effect of progesterone in Covid-19: Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Review in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Anti-Epileptic Drug Lacosamide on Mammalian Macrophages.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- The potential role of adenosinergic pathway and methylxanthines in Parkinson's disease: Blowing in the wind or not.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- "Rewiring brain immunity: targeting microglial metabolism for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disorders".Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Differential Expression of IFI16, IL-33 and CD55 Link Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms for COVID-19 and Ulcerative Colitis.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- New insights on the potential effect of progesterone in Covid-19: Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is higher in men than women and sex hormones have immune-modulator effects during different viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. One of the essential sex hormones is progesterone (P4).
aimsThis review aimed to reveal the association between P4 and Covid-19. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The possible role of P4 in COVID-19 could be beneficial through the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, induction of the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. P4 stimulates skew of naïve T cells from inflammatory Th1 toward anti-inflammatory Th2 with activation release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of regulatory T cells (Treg) with decreased interferon-gamma production that increased during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, P4 is regarded as a potent antagonist of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), it could reduce MRs that were activated by stimulated aldosterone from high AngII during SARS-CoV-2. P4 active metabolite allopregnanolone is regarded as a neurosteroid that acts as a positive modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA
conclusionTaken together, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of P4 may improve central and peripheral complications in COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.