ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Recent advance in the development of tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials and virus-like particle-based vaccine candidates.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Construction and characterization of novelInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for tuberculosis: emerging modalities, cross-disciplinary innovations, and roadmaps for drug-resistant disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- RNA vaccines: The dawn of a new age for tuberculosis?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota and tuberculosis infection: interaction and therapeutic potential.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Article
- Peptide-Based Strategies AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multilevel systems biology analysis identifies key immune response profiles and potential correlates of protection for M72/AS01E vaccine against tuberculosis.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- The Plasma Membrane P-Type ATPase CtpA Is Required forBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Next-generation vaccines against bacterial pathogens: mRNA and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Challenges in developing new tuberculosis vaccines.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Review
- Personalized nanovaccines for treating solid cancer metastases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Progress and prospects of mRNA-based drugs in pre-clinical and clinical applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- A self-adjuvanted VLPs-based Covid-19 vaccine proven versatile, safe, and highly protective.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- TB-vaccines: Current status & challenges.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Review
- Identification of a conserved B-cell epitope on the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 4.mSphere · 2024Article
- What is the role of microbial biotechnology and genetic engineering in medicine?MicrobiologyOpen · 2024Review
- A broader evaluation of vaccine-induced T cell immunity against tuberculosis.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Article
- Specific immune response toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health threat around the world. An effective vaccine is urgently required for cost-effective, long-term control of TB. However, the only licensed vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is limited to prevent TB for its highly variable efficacy. Substantial progress has been made in research and development (R&D) of TB vaccines in the past decades, and a dozen vaccine candidates, including live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines, killed mycobacterial vaccines, adjuvanted subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were developed in clinical trials to date. Nevertheless, many challenges to the successful authorization for the use and deployment of an effective tuberculosis vaccine remain. Therefore, it is still necessary and urgent to continue exploring new vaccine construction approaches. Virus-like particles (VLPs) present excellent prospects in the field of vaccine development because of their helpful immunological features such as being safe templates without containing viral nucleic acid, repetitive surface geometry, conformational epitopes similar to natural viruses, and enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses. The marketization process of VLP vaccines has never stopped despite VLP vaccines face several shortcomings such as their complex and slow development process and high production cost, and several VLP-based vaccines, including vaccines against Human papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and malaria, are successfully licensed for use at the market. In this review, we provide an update on the current progress regarding the development of TB vaccines in clinical trials and seek to give an overview of VLP-based TB vaccine candidates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.