ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
Validation of Chinese version of the 5-item WHO well-being index in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing Suicidal Ideation in a Community of Bangladesh: Validation of a Suicidal Ideation Scale.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Physical activity and health-promoting lifestyles in adults with chronic diseases: serial indirect associations through subjective well-being and self-efficacy in multiethnic areas of Yunnan, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Impact of Physical Activity and Dietary Habits on Mental Well-Being in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Revisiting the bi-factor structure of the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale with samples in China.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Inverted-U association between daily steps and WHO-5 in university students: non-linear modeling and robustness checks.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Psychometric evidence of the WHO-5 well-being index in a sample of participants from hospitals and older adults care centers in Peru.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The effects of psychological flexibility and night shifts on mental health and well-being in nurses.PloS one · 2024Article
- Diabetes-Prev Scale: validation of preventive measures for type 2 diabetes in inhabitants of Cajamarca, validation design.Revista CuidarteArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFor better disease management and improved prognosis, early identification of co-morbid depression in diabetic patients is warranted. the WHO-5 well-being index (WHO-5) has been used to screen for depression in diabetic patients, and its Chinese version (WHO-5-C) has been validated. However, its psychometric properties remain to be further validated in the type 2 diabetes patient population. The aim of our study was to examine the reliability and validity of the WHO-5-C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
methodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients from July 2014 to March 2015. All patients should complete the WHO-5-C, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID-20), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Internal consistency of WHO-5 was revealed by Cronbach's alpha, and constructive validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Relationship with PHQ-9, HAM-D, and PAID-20 was examined for concurrent validity, and ROC analysis was performed for criterion validity.
resultsThe WHO-5-C presented satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88). CFA confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of WHO-5-C. The WHO-5-C had significant negative correlation with HAM-D (r = -0.610), PHQ-9 (r = -0.694) and PAID-20 (r = -0.466), confirming good concurrent validity. Using M.I.N.I as the gold standard, the cut-off value of WHO-5-C was 42, with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.75.
conclusionThe WHO-5-C holds satisfactory reliability and validity that is suitable for depression screening in type 2 diabetes patients as a short and convenient instrument.
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