ArticleGerontology & geriatric medicine
Health Disparities in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Role of Social Strain, Depression, and C-Reactive Protein.
Article in Gerontology & geriatric medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical activity, health symptoms, and falls in older adults with different cognition levels: evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Income Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Research in health and medicine · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Alterations in Diet Quality and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data Collected from the Microbiome in Aging Gut and Brain (MiaGB) Consortium Cohort.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- C-reactive protein: the nexus between inflammation and protein misfolding diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Biological Mechanisms Linking Social Adversity and Cognition.Public health reviews · 2025Review
- Higher Dynamic Balance Performance Was Associated With Cognitive Function Among U.S. Community-Dwelling Low-Income Older Adults.SAGE open nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated the association of social strain from friends, depression, and systemic inflammation (C-Reactive Protein [CRP]) with cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) and dementia among 9,262 participants (age ≥ 65). We analyzed data from the Health Retirement Study (HRS), performing Chi-squared and logistic regression analyses. Measures included the 27-point HRS cognition scale, social strain scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, and dried-blood CRP levels. Black and Hispanic participants had a significantly increased dementia risk (OR = 2.69 and OR = 2.54). Black participants also had a high risk of CIND (OR = 2.80), but no association of Hispanic participants with CIND. Increased social strain from friends and depression were significantly associated with CIND (OR = 1.50 and OR = 1.44) and dementia (OR = 1.57 and OR = 1.78). Elevated CRP levels were only linked to CIND risk (OR = 1.03), not dementia. Early detection and interventions targeting social strain, depression, and CRP levels may help promote cognitive functioning in older adults.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.