Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38053992›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023

GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2i: two antidiabetic agents associated with immune and inflammation modulatory properties through the common AMPK pathway.

Alessio Mazzieri, Giuseppe Basta, Riccardo Calafiore, Giovanni Luca

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. Spotlight on the Mechanism of Action of Semaglutide.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alessio MazzieriTranslational Medicine and Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Giuseppe BastaDivision of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (MISEM), Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Riccardo CalafioreDiabetes Research Foundation, Confindustria Umbria, Perugia, Italy.
Giovanni LucaDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
University of Perugia · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune cells and other cells respond to nutrient deprivation by the classic catabolic pathway of AMPK (Adenosine monophosphate kinase). This kinase is a pivotal regulator of glucose and fatty acids metabolism, although current evidence highlights its role in immune regulation. Indeed AMPK, through activation of Foxo1 (Forkhead box O1) and Foxo3 (Forkhead box O3), can regulate FOXP3, the key gene for differentiation and homeostasis of Tregs (T regulators lymphocytes). The relevance of Tregs in the onset of T1D (Type 1 diabetes) is well-known, while their role in the pathogenesis of T2D (Type 2 diabetes) is not fully understood yet. However, several studies seem to indicate that Tregs may oppose the progression of diabetic complications by mitigating insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and damage to target organs (as in kidney disease). Hence, AMPK and AMPK-activating agents may play a role in the regulation of the immune system. The connection between metformin and AMPK is historically known; however, this link and the possible related immune effects are less studied about SGLT2i (Sodium-glucose co-transport 2 inhibitors) and GLP1-RAs (Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists). Actual evidence shows that the negative caloric balance, induced by SGLT2i, can activate AMPK. Conversely and surprisingly, an anabolizing agent like GLP-1RAs can also upregulate this kinase through cAMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate) accumulation. Therefore, both these drugs can likely lead to the activation of the AMPK pathway and consequential proliferation of Tregs. These observations seem to confirm not only the metabolic but also the immunoregulatory effects of these new antidiabetic agents.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsAdenosine MonophosphateAMP-Activated Protein KinasesGlucagon-Like Peptide 1GlucoseHumansAdenosine MonophosphateAMP-Activated Protein KinasesGlucagon-Like Peptide 1GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsAMPK pathwayFoxoGLP1-RAsinflammationSGLT2ITregstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID38053992
PMCPMC10694219
OpenAlexW4388813830

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.