ArticlePloS one2023
Temporal trends of hemoglobin among pregnant women: The Mutaba'ah study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small-for-Gestational-Age in the United Arab Emirates: The Mutaba'ah Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Hemoglobin level, anemia, and obesity among pregnant women in Kigali, Rwanda: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Initial and Longitudinal Trajectories in Hemoglobin Levels Predict the Prognosis of Patients With Premature Rupture of Membranes.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLow hemoglobin (Hb) level is a leading cause of many adverse pregnancy outcomes. Patterns of changes in Hb levels during pregnancy are not well understood.
aimThis study estimated Hb levels, described its changing patterns across gestational trimesters, and identified factors associated with these changes among pregnant women. MATERIALS AND
methodsData from the ongoing maternal and child health cohort study-The Mutaba'ah Study, was used (N = 1,120). KML machine learning algorithm was applied to identify three distinct cluster trajectories of Hb levels between the first and the third trimesters. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the study participants. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with change patterns in Hb levels.
resultsThe three identified clusters-A, B and C-had, respectively, median Hb levels (g/L) of 123, 118, and 104 in the first trimester and 119, 100, and 108 in the third trimester. Cluster 'A' maintained average normal Hb levels in both trimesters. Cluster 'B', on average, experienced a decrease in Hb levels below the normal range during the third trimester. Cluster 'C' showed increased Hb levels in the third trimester but remained, on average, below the normal range in both trimesters. Pregnant women with higher gravida, diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2), nulliparity or lower level of education were more likely to be in cluster 'B' than the normal cluster 'A'. Pregnant women who reported using iron supplements before pregnancy or those with low levels of education. were more likely to be in cluster 'C' than the normal cluster 'A'.
conclusionThe majority of pregnant women experienced low Hb levels during pregnancy. Changes in Hb levels during pregnancy were associated with parity, gravida, use of iron before pregnancy, and the presence of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2).
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