ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Sex Differences in Branched-chain Amino Acid and Tryptophan Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Amino acid homeostasis in the kidney: Physiological roles and pathological dysregulation.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Branched chain amino acid metabolism and microbiome in adolescents with obesity during weight loss therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Observational
- The Effect of Angiotensin (1-7) on Serum Metabolomics in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice.Metabolites · 2026Article
- The Association Between Metabolomic and Usual Biochemical Data Helps to Detect Insulin Resistance.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Untangling amino acid metabolism in renal diseases: mechanisms, dysregulation, and critical gaps.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- The impact of sports supplements on metabolism, glycemic control, and lipid profile in adolescents and young adults: a narrative review.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2026Review
- Interlinking the Cross Talk on Branched Chain Amino Acids, Water Soluble Vitamins and Adipokines in the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Etiology.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Sex Differences in Branched-chain Amino Acid and Tryptophan Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesInsulin resistance is associated with elevations in plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAAs compete with aromatic amino acids including tryptophan for uptake into β cells. To explore relationships between BCAAs and tryptophan metabolism, adiposity, and glucose tolerance, we compared urine metabolites in overweight/obese youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with those in nondiabetic overweight/obese and lean youth.
methodsMetabolites were measured in 24-hour and first-morning urine samples of 56 nondiabetic adolescents with overweight/obesity, 42 adolescents with T2D, and 43 lean controls, aged 12 to 21 years. Group differences were assessed by Kruskal Wallis or ANOVA.
resultsGroups were comparable for age, pubertal status, and ethnicity. Youth with T2D were predominantly female and had highest percent body fat. BCAAs, branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs), tryptophan, and kynurenine were higher in urine of subjects with T2D. There were no differences between lean controls and nondiabetic youth with overweight/obesity. T2D was associated with diversion of tryptophan from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway, with higher urinary kynurenine/serotonin ratio and lower serotonin/tryptophan and 5-HIAA/kynurenine ratios. Urinary BCAAs, BCKAs, tryptophan, and ratios reflecting diversion to the kynurenine pathway correlated positively with metrics of body fat and hemoglobin A1c. Increases in these metabolites in the obese T2D group were more pronounced and statistically significant only in adolescent girls.
conclusionIncreases in urinary BCAAs and BCKAs in adolescent females with T2D are accompanied by diversion of tryptophan metabolism from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway. These adaptations associate with higher risks of T2D in obese adolescent females than adolescent males.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.