SynthesisJournal of medical virology2023
Outpatient randomized controlled trials to reduce COVID-19 hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of medical virology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection rebound among patients receiving antiviral agents, convalescent plasma, or no treatment: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 convalescent plasma safety and efficacy analysis for biologics license application approval.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Using Passive Antibody Therapies in the Next Pandemic.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2025Review
- Estimates of actual and potential lives saved in the United States from the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Avoided and Avoidable Deaths with the Use of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in Italy during the First Two Years of Pandemic.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring Study Design Foibles in Randomized Controlled Trials on Convalescent Plasma in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- COVID-19 therapeutics.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma Combined with Other Pharmaceutical Agents for Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Hyperimmune Plasma and Immunoglobulins against COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- The Role of Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19: A Conclusive Post-Pandemic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on immunocompromised populations during the Omicron era: insights from the observational population-based INFORM study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Assessment of neutralization susceptibility of Omicron subvariants XBB.1.5 and BQ.1.1 against broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies through epitopes mapping.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This COVID-19 outpatient randomized controlled trials (RCTs) systematic review compares hospitalization outcomes amongst four treatment classes over pandemic period, geography, variants, and vaccine status. Outpatient RCTs with hospitalization endpoint were identified in Pubmed searches through May 2023, excluding RCTs <30 participants (PROSPERO-CRD42022369181). Risk of bias was extracted from COVID-19-NMA, with odds ratio utilized for pooled comparison. Searches identified 281 studies with 61 published RCTs for 33 diverse interventions analyzed. RCTs were largely unvaccinated cohorts with at least one COVID-19 hospitalization risk factor. Grouping by class, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (OR = 0.31 [95% CI = 0.24-0.40]) had highest hospital reduction efficacy, followed by COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) (OR = 0.69 [95% CI = 0.53-0.90]), small molecule antivirals (OR = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.48-1.33]), and repurposed drugs (OR = 0.82 [95% CI: 0.72-0.93]). Earlier in disease onset interventions performed better than later. This meta-analysis allows approximate head-to-head comparisons of diverse outpatient interventions. Omicron sublineages (XBB and BQ.1.1) are resistant to mAbs Despite trial heterogeneity, this pooled comparison by intervention class indicated oral antivirals are the preferred outpatient treatment where available, but intravenous interventions from convalescent plasma to remdesivir are also effective and necessary in constrained medical resource settings or for acute and chronic COVID-19 in the immunocompromised.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.