ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
The dual role of interleukin-6 in Crohn's disease pathophysiology.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrointestinal Perforation as a Safety Concern Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving JAK Inhibitor Therapy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Arthritis care & research · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of reduced gluten intake through the inclusion of yellow pea-based products on abdominal symptoms in habitual wheat consumers: a non-randomized clinical trial.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Olamkicept Doses up to 2400 mg in Healthy Japanese Men: Phase I, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blind Trial.Clinical and translational science · 2026Trial
- A Modelling Approach to Resolve Gene Temporal Dynamics in Intestinal Inflammation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- The gut microbiota-tryptophan metabolism-immune axis in inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- A biomechanical model of inflammation-driven colon hypertrophy and dysmotility: Application to Gulf War Illness.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2026Article
- Establishment of an In Vitro DSS-Induced Epithelial Injury Model to Investigate Dose-Dependent Effects of IL-6 and Butyrate on Barrier Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Investigation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Combined Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Postbiotic Mixtures in Chicken Ileal Explant Cultures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Region-specific immune regulation determines differential response to JAK1 inhibition in Crohn's disease ex vivo.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2026Article
- Bacillus Subtilis THC1I Restores Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Gut Microbiota Balance in a Mouse Model of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Postnatal outcomes of in utero repair of simple gastroschisis in an ovine model.Journal of pediatric surgery · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics atlas of inflammatory bowel disease to guide implementation in research consortiums and clinical trials.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Improved efficacy and long-term protective effects of CXCR4/IL10 bioengineered mesenchymal stromal cells in a model of inflammatory bowel disease.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Hyperglycemia impairs the expression of inflammatory mediators in rat intestine: an implication for intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- The levels of interleukin-6, serum calprotectin, and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients with Crohn's disease-related mucosal damage.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Plant-derived betaine enhances barrier integrity and immune responses in canine intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages under endotoxin challenge.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Targeting the Th17/Treg axis: from immunological insights to therapeutic avenues in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lipoprotein (a) and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of gastroenterology · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key mediator cytokine of the immune response as well as a regulator of many physiological and pathological processes. In Crohn's disease (CD), cytokine imbalance rules the intestinal microenvironment and leads to chronic inflammation of the gut. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are generally upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including TNFα and IL-6. Consequently, drugs that target these cytokines have been long sought and approved. Despite the short-term success in treating CD patients with anti-TNFα, many patients stopped responding to treatment, which made IL-6 an alternative target to alleviate inflammation in these patients. IL-6 has long been approached as part of the therapeutic strategies to treat CD and other inflammatory disorders. Clinical trials of CD patients have targeted IL-6 signaling in different mechanisms: blocking IL-6, neutralizing IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), or trapping the soluble IL-6/IL-6R complex. These trials have faced challenges and side effects in patients with gastrointestinal perforations and ulcers, for example, all of which highlight the dual role of IL-6 during intestinal inflammation and the need for this cytokine for intestinal tissue integrity. IL-6 is involved in a complex of upstream regulators and downstream signaling cascades and maintaining a physiological level of IL-6 in the blood and in the intestine is key for achieving health and homeostasis. In this review, we describe IL-6 biology and signaling and its involvement in intestinal health and inflammation. We also discuss the current strategies for targeting IL-6 pathways in CD patients, as well as molecular regulators representing potential therapeutic targets for IL-6 attenuation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.