ReviewKidney international reports2023
Costimulatory Blockade and Solid Organ Transplantation: The Past, Present, and Future.
Review in Kidney international reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: translational mechanisms, dynamic biomarkers, clinically actionable combination strategies, and comparative checkpoint biology.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Lupus nephritis and kidney transplantation: A narrative review of patient and graft outcomes.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- HEV-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate Promotes Long-Term Cardiac Allograft Acceptance.Circulation · 2026Article
- Revisiting the CD40-CD40L axis: from mechanistic insight to therapeutic renewal in autoimmune disease.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2026Review
- Article
- Advanced immunotherapy across diseases and the role of artificial intelligence: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Abatacept as maintenance therapy in kidney transplantation: a retrospective comparative study.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- CD73-expressing endometrial regenerative cell-derived exosomes mitigate acute cardiac allograft rejection through regulating adenosine metabolism in mice.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Kidney transplantation in Lupus Nephritis: a comprehensive review of challenges and strategies.BMC surgery · 2025Review
- Characterizing coagulation responses in humans and nonhuman primates following kidney xenotransplantation-A narrative review.American journal of hematology · 2025Review
- New Immunosuppressants in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: What's in the Pipeline for Kids?Pediatric transplantation · 2025Review
- Regulated cell death and DAMPs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in normothermic perfusion of transplant organs. Part 2: implementation strategies.Frontiers in transplantation · 2025Review
- De novo belatacept does not reduce the rate of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients compared to standard therapy.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2024Article
- An Unexpectedly High Incidence of Invasive Fungal Diseases in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Taking Belatacept for Organ Rejection Prophylaxis: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Exploring Costimulatory Blockade-Based Immunologic Strategies in Transplantation: Are They a Promising Immunomodulatory Approach for Organ and Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation?Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Overview of dendritic cells and related pathways in autoimmune uveitis.Open life sciences · 2024Review
- Immunosuppressive and Non-Immunosuppressive Drugs for Heart Xenotransplantation in Humans: Is Europe Ready?XenotransplantationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Belatacept is the first costimulatory blockade agent clinically approved for transplant immunosuppression. Although more than 10 years of study have demonstrated that belatacept offers superior long-term renal allograft and patient survival compared to conventional calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based immunosuppression regimens, the clinical adoption of belatacept has continued to lag because of concerns of an early risk of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and various logistical barriers to its administration. In this review, the history of the clinical development of belatacept is examined, along with the findings of the seminal BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT trials culminating in the clinical approval of belatacept. Recent efforts to incorporate belatacept into novel CNI-free immunosuppression regimens are reviewed, as well as the experience of the Emory Transplant Center in using a tapered course of low-dose tacrolimus in belatacept-treated renal allograft patients to garner the long-term outcome benefits of belatacept without the short-term increased risks of ACR. Potential avenues to increase the clinical adoption of belatacept in the future are explored, including surmounting the logistical barriers of belatacept administration through subcutaneous administration or more infrequent belatacept dosing. In addition, belatacept conversion strategies and potential expanded clinical indications of belatacept are discussed for pediatric transplant recipients, extrarenal transplant recipients, treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), and in patients with failed renal allografts. Finally, we discuss the novel immunosuppressive drugs currently in the development pipeline that may aid in the expansion of costimulation blockade utilization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.