ReviewCancers2023
The Heart of the Matter: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events on the Cardiovascular System.
Review in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revision and complication rates after total joint arthroplasty in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma.International orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Progress in management of advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- A narrative review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity in lung cancer: mechanisms, risk stratification, and clinical management.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Cardiovascular Toxicities in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review of Molecular Pathways with AI-Assisted Literature Clustering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- [Analysis of cardiovascular adverse events associated with 8 immune checkpoint inhibitors based on the FAERS database].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Immuno-inflammatory-metabolic interactions in cardiovascular diseases: a review from basic mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular toxicity: immunology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Review
- The role of exosomes in bladder cancer immunotherapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Review
- Early-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: Who Needs Adjuvant Therapy?Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer remains a prominent global cause of mortality, second only to cardiovascular disease. The past decades have witnessed substantial advancements in anti-cancer therapies, resulting in improved outcomes. Among these advancements, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising breakthrough, leveraging the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. Despite the remarkable potential of immunotherapy, concerns have arisen regarding associations with adverse cardiovascular events. This review examines the complex interplay between immunotherapy and cardiovascular toxicity and provides an overview of immunotherapy mechanisms, clinical perspectives, and potential biomarkers for adverse events, while delving into the intricate immune responses and evasion mechanisms displayed by cancer cells. The focus extends to the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy, including CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 targeting antibodies. This review underscores the multifaceted challenges of managing immunotherapy-related cardiovascular toxicity. Risk factors for immune-related adverse events and major adverse cardiac events are explored, encompassing pharmacological, treatment-related, autoimmune, cardiovascular, tumor-related, social, genetic, and immune-related factors. The review also advocates for enhanced medical education and risk assessment tools to identify high-risk patients for preventive measures. Baseline cardiovascular evaluations, potential prophylactic strategies, and monitoring of emerging toxicity symptoms are discussed, along with the potential of adjunct anti-inflammatory therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.