ReviewMicroorganisms2023
Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions.
Review in Microorganisms, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Tolerability of Multimodal Therapy (Ivermectin, Doxycycline, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Zinc) With or Without Famotidine in Australian Patients With COVID-19 Infection: A Pilot Cohort Trial.American journal of therapeuticsTrial
- Demographic Differences in Long COVID Diagnosis Across Levels of Care: Implications for Clinical Practice.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection symptom network centrality analysis of Taiwan population to unveil intricate symptomatology patterns.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 physical and mental quality of life: a latent profile analysis and predictive factors.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Genetic association between LONG COVID and TMPRSS2 polymorphisms (rs12329760 and rs2070788) in Brazilian healthcare professionals.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Safety and Effectiveness of an Exercise-Based Telerehabilitation Program in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Post COVID Syndrome: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the temporal relationship between stigma, disease manifestations, and health outcomes in post COVID-19 condition: a longitudinal descriptive study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Long COVID and Acute Stroke in the Emergency Department: An Analysis of Presentation, Reperfusion Treatment, and Early Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Long Covid Symptom Clusters, Correlates and Predictors in a Highly Vaccinated Australian Population in 2023.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Investigating use of diagnostic codes for post-COVID- 19 condition in Ontario health administrative data.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Predictive Ability of Previous Pain and Disease Conditions on the Presentation of Post-COVID Pain in a Danish Cohort of Adult COVID-19 Survivors.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
- Using machine learning involving diagnoses and medications as a risk prediction tool for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) in primary care.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The Mystery of CertainMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- DNA Salivary Methylation Levels of the ACE2 Promoter Are Not Related to ACE2 (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Functional Capacity Impairment in Long COVID After 17 Months of Severe Acute Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination influence in the development of long-COVID clinical phenotypes.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Self-Reported Post-COVID Symptoms at 18 Months After Infection Among Adults in Southern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immune dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction associate with a pro-thrombotic profile in Long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A tablet-based intervention study to alleviate cognitive and psychological symptoms in patients with post-Covid-19 condition.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to a lack of recognition of the condition and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. In fact, the prevalence of post-COVID symptoms ranges from 50% during the first months after the infection up to 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed to map the existing literature on post-COVID symptoms and to identify gaps in the literature to guide the global effort toward an improved understanding of long-COVID and suggest future research directions. There is a plethora of symptomatology that can be due to COVID-19; however, today, there is no clear classification and definition of this condition, termed long-COVID or post-COVID-19 condition. The heterogeneity in the symptomatology has led to the presence of groups/clusters of patients, which could exhibit different risk factors and different mechanisms. Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation of latent infections, endothelial dysfunction and alteration in gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining the complexity of long-COVID. In such an equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, SARS-CoV-2 variants), host biology (e.g., genetics, epigenetics) and external factors (e.g., vaccination) should be also considered. These various factors will be discussed in the current perspective review and future directions suggested.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.