ReviewCureus2023
A Review of Incidence and Related Risk Factors in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advancements in Known and Emerging Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Astragaloside IV and rapamycin co-loaded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome nanocarriers for targeted modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Aflatoxin BJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Glucose-lowering agents and hepatocellular carcinoma.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 3 Expression During Liver Disease Progression: Association with Inflammation and Cell Viability in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Disparities in Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Global and Sociodemographic Factors.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Review
- Optimizing HCV Management Among Rohingya Refugees in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh: Addressing Cofactors and Environmental Risks to Mitigate Long-Term Liver Disease Complications.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation and Validation Reveal Mitochondrial Solute Carrier SLC25A3 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- The many ways to inhibit translation by Sorafenib in liver cancer cells.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Cancer Cell-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Sorafenib and Spions for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Theranostics.Current drug delivery · 2026Article
- Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms ApaI (rs7975232) and BsmI (rs1544410) with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility in Egyptian patients.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Targeting Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) for Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Article
- The Niemann-Pick C1 Protein of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Associated with Survival Time in Males and Tumor Size in Females.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Risk Factors and Prevention of Cancer and CVDs: A Chicken and Egg Situation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Characterization of lncRNA-Driven Networks in Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis: Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Slamming hepatocellular carcinoma: targeting immunosuppressive macrophages via SLAMF7 reprograms the tumor microenvironment.Translational cancer research · 2024Review
- Factors Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Patients Receiving Treatment at the National Cancer Institute, Thailand: A Case-Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- [Variational trend in disease characteristics of hepatitis B-related primary liver cancer populations in the past five years: a retrospective single-center cross-sectional study].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Liver Cancer Etiology: Old Issues and New Perspectives.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy, ranking as the seventh most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of deaths due to cancer. This review examines the incidence of HCC, its associated risk factors, and constantly changing global trends. Incidence has been noted to be varying worldwide, particularly due to environmental and infectious risk factors. Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infections, alcohol abuse, aflatoxin exposure, diabetes, obesity, and tobacco consumption are some of the leading risk factors noted. Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa were noted to have the highest disease burden for HCC, with China representing a considerably large majority. On the contrary, the United States reports a lower HCC incidence overall due to improved vaccination programs against HBV; however, with a rising incidence of prominent risk factor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the trend may very well change. Gender disparities were noted to be evident with men experiencing higher rates of HCC compared to women, which may be due to various environmental and biological factors, including alcohol intake, smoking, and androgen hormone levels. Currently, efforts to reduce the overall incidence of HCC include universal HBV vaccinations, antiviral therapies, aflatoxin prevention measures, genetic screening for hereditary hemochromatosis, and early ultrasound evaluation in patients with liver cirrhosis. Understanding these evolving trends and risk factors is essential in combating the rising HCC incidence, especially in Western countries, where risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, are on the rise.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.