ArticleJournal of managed care & specialty pharmacy2024
Medicare formulary restrictions for glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors used in type 2 diabetes mellitus: 2019-2023.
Article in Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Administrative costs of prior authorizations for glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Observational
- Estimating the excess expenditures associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use among adults with diabetes in the United States.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Complementary Yet Distinct Roles of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Health care resource utilization and costs in Medicare Advantage beneficiaries using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists vs sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Prescriber Uptake and Use of Novel Lipid-Lowering Therapies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Preoperative Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Utilization and Association with Bariatric Surgery Outcomes.Obesity surgery · 2025Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitor and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Prescriptions in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Cardiorenal Risks: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have proven benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus related to decreasing cardiovascular events and heart failure hospitalizations as well as preventing the progression of kidney disease. This led the American Diabetes Association (ADA) to update their guidelines in 2022 to recommend GLP1-RAs and SGLT2is as potential first-line options in patients with cardiorenal conditions. Formulary restrictions, such as step therapy and prior authorizations, can limit access to these beneficial medications.
objectiveTo evaluate trends in Medicare formulary restrictions of GLP1-RAs and SGLT2is following the recommendations by the ADA for first-line use.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of Quarter 1 Medicare formulary restrictions on GLP1-RAs and SGLT2is from 2019 to 2023. We analyzed changes in formulary restrictions by year, before and after the ADA first-line recommendations, single vs combination products, and products with and without other indications on a medication level (ie, each unique National Drug Code number on each unique formulary) and formulary level (ie, any prior authorization or step therapy requirements yield formulary restriction).
resultsWe analyzed 12,212 unique Medicare formularies. GLP1-RAs were 12.5% less likely (relative risk [RR] = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.84-0.91;
conclusionsDecreasing trends of medications and formularies with restrictions may indicate payers are recognizing GLP1-RAs and SGLT2is as potential first-line agents, aligning with ADA recommendations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.