ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2023
Cluster analysis of flowcytometric immunophenotyping with extended T cell subsets in suspected immunodeficiency.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- TCR γδ cell-specific STAT5 gain of function induces a druggable chronic human immune dysregulation.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Diurnal Variations in Anterior and Posterior Corneal Thickness and Curvature in Healthy Eyes: Global and Sector-Based Metrics and Lifestyle Associations.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Investigating Chromosomal Radiosensitivity in Inborn Errors of Immunity: Insights from DNA Repair Disorders and Beyond.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Cluster analysis of flowcytometric immunophenotyping with extended T cell subsets in suspected immunodeficiency.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with immunodeficiencies commonly experience diagnostic delays resulting in morbidity. There is an unmet need to identify patients earlier, especially those with high risk for complications. Compared to immunoglobulin quantification and flowcytometric B cell subset analysis, expanded T cell subset analysis is rarely performed in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected immunodeficiency. The simultaneous interpretation of multiple immune variables, including lymphocyte subsets, is challenging.
objectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of cluster analyses of immune variables in patients with suspected immunodeficiency.
methodsRetrospective analysis of 38 immune system variables, including seven B cell and sixteen T cell subpopulations, in 107 adult patients (73 with immunodeficiency, 34 without) evaluated at a tertiary outpatient immunology clinic. Correlation analyses of individual variables, k-means cluster analysis with evaluation of the classification into "no immunodeficiency" versus "immunodeficiency" and visual analyses of hierarchical heatmaps were performed.
resultsBinary classification of patients into groups with and without immunodeficiency was correct in 54% of cases with the full data set and increased to 69% and 75% of cases, respectively, when only 16 variables with moderate (p < .05) or 7 variables with strong evidence (p < .01) for a difference between groups were included. In a cluster heatmap with all patients but only moderately differing variables and a heatmap with only immunodeficient patients restricted to T cell variables alone, segregation of most patients with common variable immunodeficiency and combined immunodeficiency was observed.
conclusionCluster analyses of immune variables, including detailed lymphocyte flowcytometry with T cell subpopulations, may support clinical decision making for suspected immunodeficiency in daily practice.
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