ReviewFrontiers in medicine2023
Current status and development direction of immunomodulatory therapy for intervertebral disk degeneration.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the study of macrophage polarization in intervertebral disc degeneration.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Duhuo Jisheng Decoction ameliorates experimental intervertebral disc degeneration by modulating immune-inflammatory responses through regulation of macrophage polarization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- How Safe Are Oxygen-Ozone Therapy Procedures for Spine Disc Herniation? The SIOOT Protocols for Treating Spine Disorders.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Druggable Genome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Identifies Distinct Therapeutic Targets for Low Back Pain, Intervertebral Disk Degeneration, and Sciatica.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Identification of Core Senescence-Related Genes and Characterization of Comprehensive Immune Landscape in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.International journal of genomics · 2025Article
- Lactate and lactylation in intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- pH-Responsive Modified HAMA Microspheres Regulate the Inflammatory Microenvironment of Intervertebral Discs.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Unveiling the role of CXCL8/CXCR2 in intervertebral disc degeneration: A path to promising therapeutic strategies.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2024Article
- Identification of cellular senescence-related genes and immune cell infiltration characteristics in intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunization against nucleus pulposus antigens to accelerate degenerative disc disease in a rabbit model.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is a main factor in lower back pain, and immunomodulation plays a vital role in disease progression. The IVD is an immune privileged organ, and immunosuppressive molecules in tissues reduce immune cell (mainly monocytes/macrophages and mast cells) infiltration, and these cells can release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, disrupting the IVD microenvironment and leading to disease progression. Improving the inflammatory microenvironment in the IVD through immunomodulation during IVDD may be a promising therapeutic strategy. This article reviews the normal physiology of the IVD and its degenerative mechanisms, focusing on IVDD-related immunomodulation, including innate immune responses involving Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors and the complement system and adaptive immune responses that regulate cellular and humoral immunity, as well as IVDD-associated immunomodulatory therapies, which mainly include mesenchymal stem cell therapies, small molecule therapies, growth factor therapies, scaffolds, and gene therapy, to provide new strategies for the treatment of IVDD.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.