ArticleActa parasitologica2024
An Aedes-Anopheles Vaccine Candidate Supplemented with BCG Epitopes Against the Aedes and Anopheles Genera to Overcome Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against Escherichia coli using an in silico reverse vaccinology approach.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Article
- Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine TargetingBioinformatics and biology insights · 2026Article
- Computational design of a multiepitope vaccine targeting VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins of simian virus 40 (SV40) for enhanced immune activation.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against the midgut-specific fibrinogen-related protein 1(FREP1) of Anopheles stephensi to enhance protection against the malaria parasite: a step beyond traditional vaccine development approaches.Biotechnology letters · 2025Article
- Computational design of a glycosylated multi-epitope vaccine against HAsV-1 and HAsV-2 astrovirus for acute gastroenteritis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of a novel multiepitope vaccine against Menangle virus (MenV) using in-silico approaches by targeting its transmembrane proteins.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Emerging Trends of Gold Nanostructures for Point-of-Care Biosensor-Based Detection of COVID-19.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSkeeter syndrome is a severe local allergic response to mosquito bites that is accompanied by considerable inflammation and, in some cases, a systemic response like fever. People with the syndrome develop serious allergies, ranging from rashes to anaphylaxis or shock. The few available studies on mosquito venom immunotherapy have utilized whole-body preparations and small sample sizes. Still, owing to their little success, vaccination remains a promising alternative as well as a permanent solution for infections like Skeeter's.
methodsThis study, therefore, illustrated the construction of an epitope-based vaccine candidate against Skeeter Syndrome using established immunoinformatic techniques. We selected three species of mosquitoes, Anopheles melas, Anopheles funestus, and Aedes aegypti, to derive salivary antigens usually found in mosquito bites. Our construct was also supplemented with bacterial epitopes known to elicit a strong TH1 response and suppress TH2 stimulation that is predicted to reduce hypersensitivity against the bites.
resultsA quality factor of 98.9496, instability index of 38.55, aliphatic index of 79.42, solubility of 0.934747, and GRAVY score of -0.02 indicated the structural (tertiary and secondary) stability, thermostability, solubility, and hydrophilicity of the construct, respectively. The designed Aedes-Anopheles vaccine (AAV) candidate was predicted to be flexible and less prone to deformability with an eigenvalue of 1.5911e-9 and perfected the human immune response against Skeeter (hypersensitivity) and many mosquito-associated diseases as we noted the production of 30,000 Th1 cells per mm
conclusionAlthough being a pure in-silico study, the in-depth analysis performed herein speaks volumes of the potency of the designed vaccine candidate predicting that the proposition can withstand rigorous in-vitro and in-vivo clinical trials and may proceed to become the first preventative immunotherapy against mosquito bite allergy.
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