SynthesisNutrients2024
Dietary Macronutrient Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets and macronutrient replacements on cardiovascular health and body composition in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Protein intake and cardiovascular diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline on protein intake of the German Nutrition Society.European journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Evidence on the Relationships Between Total Fat Intake and Health Outcomes Other Than Unhealthy Weight Gain in Adults and Children: A Scoping Review.Cochrane evidence synthesis and methods · 2026Review
- Associations of Meal Timing and Temporal Eating Patterns with Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Older Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic trade-offs of carbohydrate- and fat-focused diets: a network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary Macronutrient Intake and Vascular Health in Patients with Long COVID: The BioICOPER Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Effect of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets on Metabolomic Indices and Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Individuals.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Associations between dietary macronutrient composition and kidney stone prevalence in the U.S. adult population.Urolithiasis · 2026Article
- Association of dietary protein and amino acid intakes with all-cause disability-adjusted life years: cross-sectional analysis of the national health and nutrition survey in Japan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Association Between Dietary Fatty Acid Intake With Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Serum Lipid Levels.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Dietary guidance for pregnant women using DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4.0: a comparative analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Specific macronutrient clusters associated with lower mortality risk: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Fat Replacers in Frozen Desserts: Functions, Challenges, and Strategies.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Review
- The association of dietary fat and fatty acid intake with ovarian cancer survival: findings from the OOPS, a prospective cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Adhering to recommended dietary protein intake for optimizing human health benefitsRSC advances · 2025Review
- Case Report: Remission of schizophrenia using a carnivore ketogenic metabolic therapy with nutritional therapy practitioner support.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have evaluated the intake of macronutrients and the risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, current evidence is conflicting and warrants further investigation. Therefore, we carried out an umbrella review to examine and quantify the potential dose-response association of dietary macronutrient intake with CVD morbidity and mortality. Prospective cohort studies from PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were reviewed, which reported associations of macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) with all-cause, CVD, cancer mortality, or CVD events. Multivariable relative risks (RR) were pooled, and heterogeneity was assessed. The results of 124 prospective cohort studies were included in the systematic review and 101 in the meta-analysis. During the follow-up period from 2.2 to 30 years, 506,086 deaths and 79,585 CVD events occurred among 5,107,821 participants. High total protein intake was associated with low CVD morbidity (RR 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.82-0.94), while high total carbohydrate intake was associated with high CVD morbidity (1.08, 1.02-1.13). For fats, a high intake of total fat was associated with a decreased all-cause mortality risk (0.92, 0.85-0.99). Saturated fatty acid intake was only associated with cancer mortality (1.10, 1.06-1.14); Both monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake was associated with all-cause mortality (MUFA: 0.92, 0.86-0.98; PUFA: 0.91, 0.86-0.96). This meta-analysis supports that protein intake is associated with a decreased risk of CVD morbidity, while carbohydrate intake is associated with an increased risk of CVD morbidity. High total fat intake is associated with a low risk of all-cause mortality, and this effect was different in an analysis stratified by the type of fat.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.