ReviewNutrients2024
The Vicious Cycle of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Clinical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Bases.
Review in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Strategies and Nutritional Management in Patients Receiving GLP-1 and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists as Adjuncts to Lifestyle Interventions: A Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Unraveling the role of muscle mass and strength in predicting type 2 diabetes risk: a systematic review.Acta diabetologica · 2025Pooled it
- Therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on diabetic sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of wearable technology-based physical activity interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-regression.Journal of diabetes · 2024Pooled it
- Bispecific GLP-1/GLP-2 agonism in advanced type 2 diabetes: preclinical characterization and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Clinical characteristics of Sarcopenic obesity in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the sub-cohort iDIAMOND study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Muscle Atrophy-Related Adverse Events of Antidiabetic Drug Classes: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis Using VigiBase Data.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 2 (USP2) as a Modulator of Energy Metabolism: A Review of Studies Using Animal and Cellular Models.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Multisystem Disease: From Insulin Resistance to Organ Crosstalk-A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Sarcopenia changes and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective analysis of the CHARLS cohort.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Inflammation-related indices and low physical performance in older adults with unintentional weight loss: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Context-dependent regulation of IL-6 in exercise and colorectal cancer cachexia.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Diabetes-specific formula as meal replacement for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity: a Singapore expert consensus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an imaging review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Epigenetic inhibition of class I histone deacetylases by MS-275 attenuates diabetic skeletal muscle atrophy via Akt/ARK5-FoxO and myostatin-Smad signaling.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine for Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Review and Its Related Mechanisms.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Review
- Type 2 Diabetes and Hemodialysis: Metabolic Challenges and the Role of Intradialytic Exercise.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2026Review
- Resistance Exercise Counteracts Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in T2DM Mice by Upregulating FGF21 and Activating PI3K/Akt Pathway.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Association of the triglyceride glucose-body roundness index with mortality in HFpEF and effect modification by nutritional status: a multicenter prospective cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Today, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and skeletal muscle atrophy (SMA) have become increasingly common occurrences. Whether the onset of T2DM increases the risk of SMA or vice versa has long been under investigation. Both conditions are associated with negative changes in skeletal muscle health, which can, in turn, lead to impaired physical function, a lowered quality of life, and an increased risk of mortality. Poor nutrition can exacerbate both T2DM and SMA. T2DM and SMA are linked by a vicious cycle of events that reinforce and worsen each other. Muscle insulin resistance appears to be the pathophysiological link between T2DM and SMA. To explore this association, our review (i) compiles evidence on the clinical association between T2DM and SMA, (ii) reviews mechanisms underlying biochemical changes in the muscles of people with or at risk of T2DM and SMA, and (iii) examines how nutritional therapy and increased physical activity as muscle-targeted treatments benefit this population. Based on the evidence, we conclude that effective treatment of patients with T2DM-SMA depends on the restoration and maintenance of muscle mass. We thus propose that regular intake of key functional nutrients, along with guidance for physical activity, can help maintain euglycemia and improve muscle status in all patients with T2DM and SMA.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.