ArticleNature immunology2024
Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 257 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
257citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
106.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
257 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 300 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral immune progression to long COVID is associated with mitochondrial gene transcription: A meta-analysis.Mitochondrion · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiopulmonary crosstalk in Long COVID: a systematic review of emerging evidence.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Symptom Trajectories and Clinical Subtypes in Post-COVID-19 Condition: Systematic Review and Clustering Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of the mitophagy inducer urolithin A on age-related immune decline: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Nature aging · 2025Trial
- Plasma exchange therapy for the post COVID-19 condition: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- The Effects of Neuroinflammation Induced by Typhoid Vaccine on Resting and Task-Based Electroencephalography.Brain and behavior · 2025Trial
- Lessons learned: management of acute kidney injury during COVID-19.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection history on the clinical features and outcomes of patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective case-control study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Human brain matters: Navigating the neuropathology of COVID-19.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Caspase-11-mediated hyperinflammation impairs CD8+ T cell immunity and viral clearance in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Neurological Manifestations of Long COVID: Current Evidence, Emerging Concepts, and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Cognition-Linked Monocyte State Reveals Altered Myeloid-Lymphoid Coordination in Neuro-PASC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Persistent cytolytic CD8Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prevents pulmonary fibrosis following acute COVID-19 infection associated with type 2 diabetes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Persistent Redox Imbalance in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzyme Depletion, and Reduced Nitric Oxide Availability in an Amazonian Population.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across the Pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Eras: Epidemiology, Risk Stratification, Tumour Aggressiveness, and Clinical Outcomes.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immune-Based Cytokine Signatures of Prolonged Pandemic-Associated Chilblains.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Persistent CD4Cellular immunology · 2026Article
197 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
30 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Kailin Yin *Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael J Peluso *Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-6230
Xiaoyu LuoGladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Reuben ThomasGladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Min-Gyoung ShinGladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jason NeidlemanGladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alicer AndrewGladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4909-0759
Kyrlia C YoungGladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Tongcui MaGladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rebecca HohDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Khamal AnglinDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Beatrice HuangDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-681X
Urania ArguetaDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Monica LopezDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Daisy ValdiviesoDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8048-3297
Kofi AsareDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Tyler-Marie DeveauDivision of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sadie E MunterDivision of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rania IbrahimDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ludger StändkerCore Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Scott LuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sarah A GoldbergDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8642-1468
Sulggi A LeeZuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-2250
Kara L LynchDivision of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J Daniel KellyDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-0321
Jeffrey N MartinDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jan MünchCore Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-7141
Steven G DeeksDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Timothy J HenrichDivision of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. timothy.henrich@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-0622
Nadia R RoanGladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. nadia.roan@gladstone.ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-1976
University of California, San Francisco · USGladstone Institutes · USUniversität Ulm · DESan Francisco General Hospital · US
Funding
Research BaseP30DK063720 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GERMAN, MICHAEL S · 2003 to 2019
$21.8MMOLECULAR AND CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGYT32AI007334 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CYSTER, JASON G · 1988 to 2023
$11.0MTargeting Non Viral Markers of HIV PersistenceR01AI141003 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HENRICH, TIMOTHY JENSEN · 2018 to 2022
$4.9MMHC Variation in Host Response to SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 OutcomesR01AI159260 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HOLLENBACH, JILL ALLISON · 2021 to 2025
$4.0MEvaluation of the Interplay between HIV and COVID-19 in a large urban safety-net HIV clinicR01AI158013 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GANDHI, MONICA, SPINELLI, MATTHEW A. · 2020 to 2023
$3.1MCharacterizing the virologic and immunologic signatures of HIV exceptional controlK23AI157875 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PELUSO, MICHAEL JOSEPH · 2021 to 2025
$927kMentoring Scientists for Careers in HIV Translational Clinical ResearchK24AI174971 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Timothy Jensen Henrich · 2023 to 2026
$766kUnderstanding the epidemiology and natural history of unrecognized Ebola virus infectionK23AI146268 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KELLY, JOHN DANIEL · 2019 to 2022
$748kUCSF DVS CyTOF Mass CytometerS10OD018040 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LANIER, LEWIS LEE · 2014 to 2014
$600kBD FACSAria II Flow CytometerS10RR028962 · NCRR · J. DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES · PI CAVROIS, MARIELLE · 2011 to 2011
$544kNCRR NIH HHS S10 RR028962NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI146268NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI157875NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI174971NIAID NIH HHS L30 AI126521NIAID NIH HHS L30 AI147159NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI141003NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI158013NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI159260NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007334NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063720NIH HHS S10 OD018040
Abstract
Long COVID (LC) occurs after at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, yet its etiology remains poorly understood. We used 'omic" assays and serology to deeply characterize the global and SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the blood of individuals with clear LC and non-LC clinical trajectories, 8 months postinfection. We found that LC individuals exhibited systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation. This was evidenced by global differences in T cell subset distribution implying ongoing immune responses, as well as by sex-specific perturbations in cytolytic subsets. LC individuals displayed increased frequencies of CD4
Indexed as
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2Antibodies, ViralCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleHumansImmunity, HumoralInflammationMalePost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeAntibodies, Viral
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.