ArticleNature nanotechnology2024
Inhalable extracellular vesicle delivery of IL-12 mRNA to treat lung cancer and promote systemic immunity.
Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delivering the blueprint: Advances and challenges in mRNA therapeutics for the respiratory system.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Breaking barriers in peritoneal fibrosis: extracellular vesicles as promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Systemic health impact of cancer-associated extracellular vesicles and particles.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Organization from cell to tissue derived delivery systems for immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Hit the bull's eye: Engineered extracellular vesicles for targeted therapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Bridging Nano-Interface Interactions and Organ-Specific Toxicity: A Review of Machine Learning for Nanomaterials Risk Assessment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in targeted drug delivery: from biological functions to surface engineering.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Engineered exosomes encapsulated miR-218-5p alleviate the progression of PMRedox biology · 2026Article
- Genomic landscape and tumor immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: Bridging mechanistic insights to precision therapeutics.Bone reports · 2026Review
- mRNA-based therapeutics in lung Cancer: Mechanisms, applications, and translational challenges.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy and Gene Delivery: From Lipid Nanoparticles to Engineered Extracellular Vesicles.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Endobronchial Intratumoral Immuno- and Gene Therapies in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms of Local Delivery, Systemic Immune Effects, and Global Feasibility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Target-Product and Translational Design Principles for Inhalable RNA Nanomedicines.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Lymph node metastasis-related circHELQ promotes progression and acts as a nanotherapeutic target in colorectal cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Advances in delivery technologies-powered cancer vaccines.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Immune Regulation and the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is one of the most common cancers and has one of the lowest survival rates in the world. Cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) have demonstrated considerable potential as robust tumour suppressors. However, their applications are limited due to off-target toxicity. Here we report on a strategy involving the inhalation of IL-12 messenger RNA, encapsulated within extracellular vesicles. Inhalation and preferential uptake by cancer cells results in targeted delivery and fewer systemic side effects. The IL-12 messenger RNA generates interferon-γ production in both innate and adaptive immune-cell populations. This activation consequently incites an intense activation state in the tumour microenvironment and augments its immunogenicity. The increased immune response results in the expansion of tumour cytotoxic immune effector cells, the formation of immune memory, improved antigen presentation and tumour-specific T cell priming. The strategy is demonstrated against primary neoplastic lesions and provides profound protection against subsequent tumour rechallenge. This shows the potential for locally delivered cytokine-based immunotherapies to address orthotopic and metastatic lung tumours.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.