ArticleDiabetologia2024
Early-childhood body mass index and its association with the COVID-19 pandemic, containment measures and islet autoimmunity in children with increased risk for type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetologia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Body Size on Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes Development and Progression.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Article
- Associations of body weight and COVID-19 with autoimmunity in pediatric new-onset type 1 diabetes: results from the prospective DPV registry.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- The Contribution of BMI to a Young Child's Risk of Islet Autoimmunity Is Dependent on HLA-DR4-DQ8 Without HLA-DR3-DQ2.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Overweight worsens the metabolic presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Remission Period in Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Results From the DPV Registry.Pediatric diabetes · 2025Article
- Investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the nutritional status of infants and toddlers: insights from China.Population health metrics · 2024Article
- Family History of Diabetes and Clinical Characteristics in Children at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes-A Swedish Population-Based Study.Diabetes care · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to determine whether BMI in early childhood was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures, and whether it was associated with the risk for islet autoimmunity.
methodsBetween February 2018 and May 2023, data on BMI and islet autoimmunity were collected from 1050 children enrolled in the Primary Oral Insulin Trial, aged from 4.0 months to 5.5 years of age. The start of the COVID-19 pandemic was defined as 18 March 2020, and a stringency index was used to assess the stringency of containment measures. Islet autoimmunity was defined as either the development of persistent confirmed multiple islet autoantibodies, or the development of one or more islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes. Multivariate linear mixed-effect, linear and logistic regression methods were applied to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the stringency index on early-childhood BMI measurements (BMI as a time-varying variable, BMI at 9 months of age and overweight risk at 9 months of age), and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effect of BMI measurements on islet autoimmunity risk.
resultsThe COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased time-varying BMI (β = 0.39; 95% CI 0.30, 0.47) and overweight risk at 9 months (β = 0.44; 95% CI 0.03, 0.84). During the COVID-19 pandemic, a higher stringency index was positively associated with time-varying BMI (β = 0.02; 95% CI 0.00, 0.04 per 10 units increase), BMI at 9 months (β = 0.13; 95% CI 0.01, 0.25) and overweight risk at 9 months (β = 0.23; 95% CI 0.03, 0.43). A higher age-corrected BMI and overweight risk at 9 months were associated with increased risk for developing islet autoimmunity up to 5.5 years of age (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01, 1.32 and HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.00, 2.82, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationEarly-childhood BMI increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was influenced by the level of restrictions during the pandemic. Controlling for the COVID-19 pandemic, elevated BMI during early childhood was associated with increased risk for childhood islet autoimmunity in children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.
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